1. The Enlightenment Spreads
Chapter 22
Section 3

2. Key Terms Salons Baroque Enlightened despots John Locke
Neoclassical
Enlightened despots
Catherine the Great

3. A World of Ideas 1700’s a new generation of philosophers
Reason could solve human problems
Enlightenment- age of reason, time of optimism and possibility

4. A World of Ideas
People gathered in public and coffe houses to debate ideas
Writers published ideas in books and magazines
1700’s Paris was the center for intellectual activity
Salons-Parisian women hosted gatherings of philosophers, artists, and scientists

5. Diderot and the Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia-Compiled all known knowledge into a single work
Worked on it for 27 years
Leaders attacked it because it criticized the church, government, and the legal system

6. Diderot and the Encyclopedia
Government tried to stop publication
Diderot compiled the remaining volumes in secret
Helped spread enlightenment ideas through Europe and North America

7. Neoclassical Style Emerges
’s Baroque period-characterized by grand ornate design
Palace of Versailles
Late 1700’s Neoclassical- simple, elegant borrowed from Greece and Rome

8. Changes in Music and Literature
Bach and Handel dominated the music scene
Wrote dramatic organ and choral music
During enlightenment music became lighter more elegant
Classical style emerged

9. Changes in Music and Literature
Composers in Vienna Austria
Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
18th century writers developed new forms of literature
Authors started to write novels

10. Changes in Music and Literature
Novels were lengthy works of prose or fiction
Crafted plots, suspense, and explored character’ thoughts and feelings
Popular with the middle class
Written in everyday language

11. Changes in Music and Literature
Writers many women turned out floods of novels in the 1700’s
Samuel Richardson’s Pamela first true English novel
Servant girl refuses advances by her master
Tom Jones by Henry Fielding tells the story of an orphan who travels England

12. Enlightenment and the Monarchy
Voltaire- monarchy best form, ruler should respect the people’s rights
Enlightened despots- monarchs who embrace the new ideas of the enlightenment
Had no intention of giving up power
Wanted to make their country stronger
Their own rule more effective

13. Prussia Frederick II-duty was to rule with absolute power
Established elementary education
Abolished torture supported most religious tolerance
Reduced censorship
Called himself the “ first servant of the state”

14. Prussia Did not extend religious tolerance to the Jews
Limited how many could live in Prussia
Opposed serfdom
Reforms were made to make Prussia stronger and his own rule more powerful

15. Joseph II Most radical reformer Successor to Maria Theresa
Introduced legal reforms, freedom of the press
Supported freedom of worship
Abolished serfdom
Peasants to be paid

16. Catherine the Great
Catherine the Great read the works of philosophers, corresponded with them
Supported education and culture
Drafted Russian constitution and a code of laws

17. Catherine the Great Considered too liberal and never put into practice
Wanted to free serfs but did not want to lose support from the wealthy
Actually imposed more serfdom on Russians

18. Catherine Expands Russia
Catherine had two wars with the Ottoman Empire
Won control of Northern shore of the Black Sea
Russia, Prussia, Austria all take a piece of Poland
Called the First Partition
1793, 1795 more partitions
Poland disappeared as an independent country

19. Catherine Expands Russia
Catherine vastly enlarges the Russian Empire
Russia became an international power

20. Later, Times and Places Britain faced challenges in North America
Ideas of power and authority would inspire ideas and revolution
American colonies would break away
Strongly influenced by Locke and Rousseau
Formed independent republic