Athens’ Age of Glory Unit 3 Chapter 8 Lesson 3

Vocabulary Assembly Jury Philosophy Peloponnesian Wars Pericles Socrates Plato Acropolis Parthenon

Read Aloud If Athenians living in 500 BC could somehow have traveled 65 years into the future, they would have been amazed by what they saw. In the city’s harbor many ships would be tied at a long dock leading straight to a huge trading area. People could buy a wide range of goods, from Egyptian papyrus to Italian cheese, with coins from Athens or Persia. Walking up the road to the city—now surrounded by walls—they would have seen grand stone temples where far simpler ones had once stood. Athens, clearly, was flourishing.

The Big Picture 499 BC – city-states of Greece go to war against the empire of Persia Athens built a mighty naval fleet Sparta, Athens and other city-states for over 20 years fought and defeated the Persians Persians still a threat and some city-states paid protection Enhanced the Athenian navy. Made life better for the Athenians. 460 – 430 BC – Golden Age of Athens

Golden Age of Athens Mid 400 BC – life the same as 65 years Life still revolved around the agora and the acropolis Citizens voted on issues Festivals honored Athena every summer

A Walk Through Athens Acropolis – religious center of AthensAcropolis – religious center of Athens Larger than other city-statesLarger than other city-states Displayed the city’s wealth and powerDisplayed the city’s wealth and power Center is temple to AthenaCenter is temple to Athena Marble was from nearby mountainMarble was from nearby mountain Temple was The ParthenonTemple was The Parthenon 100,000 people lived in Athens, the largest city in Greece100,000 people lived in Athens, the largest city in Greece

Activity in the Agora At foot of the acropolis Business center Lawyers Merchants sold perfume, vegetables Potters City’s “bulletin board.”

Athenian Government 400 BC – small council made all of the city’s important decision Assembly – lawmaking body – voted on issues

A Great Statesman 450 BC – Pericles led Athens450 BC – Pericles led Athens Democracy is governed by manyDemocracy is governed by many Made sure poor could take part in government Citizens Served on assembly Served on juries Arranged for citizens to be paid Farmers could afford to take time to become involved in government

Philosophy in Athens %3DSearch%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3Dyfp-t-501%26x%3Dwrt%26js%3D1%26ni%3D21%26ei%3DUTF-8%26SpellState%3Dn _q- JIqcL8J4Pf2L.FEtXiYpZwAAAA%40%40&w=400&h=350&imgurl= LDS.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishare.net%2Fliterature%2FPOL-LDS-Euthyphro.htm&size=50k&name=Peloponnesian- Wa...&p=Peloponnesian+War&oid=357888bc50f9d400&no=5&tt=713&ni=21&sigr=11qc8i4t6&sigi=11ruqfea3&sigb=15qc22sl1 Famous teacher- Socrates 400 BC Taught philosophy Questioned Best Government Love Good citizen Religion 399 BC – urge revolt sentenced to death Student is Plato, who wrote down Socrates’ idea.

War and Conflict Golden Age - endedGolden Age - ended Sparta and other Greek cities jealous of power and wealthSparta and other Greek cities jealous of power and wealth 431 BC – Peloponnesian Wars431 BC – Peloponnesian Wars

Battles on Land and Sea Begin – Spartan Army attacks Pericles knew Athens no match Athenians living outside city walls came inside the city Sparta destroys Athenian farmland Navy controlled the Aegean Sea and brought in grain War deadlocked Sparta won on land Athens won on sea1 1/3 of population died from a plague

A Final Blow 404 BC – Sparta cuts off Athenian grain supply Starving Athenians surrendered History of war in Thucydides who lived through it War is a “violent teacher.”

End of the Golden Age Following Peloponnesian Wars Sparta led the polisFollowing Peloponnesian Wars Sparta led the polis For 50 years no city- state held controlFor 50 years no city- state held control Threats came from the North-MacedoniaThreats came from the North-Macedonia Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Why It Matters BC – legacy from Athens BC – legacy from Athens Improved democracyImproved democracy Built templesBuilt temples Searched for wisdom through philosophySearched for wisdom through philosophy 400 BC – Alexander the Great would spread the Greek ideals400 BC – Alexander the Great would spread the Greek ideals

MAIN IDEAS In the 400sBC – during their “Golden Age,” Athenians discussed philosophy, wrote plays and built many grand buildingsIn the 400sBC – during their “Golden Age,” Athenians discussed philosophy, wrote plays and built many grand buildings Though democracy was still limited to male citizens, Pericles worked to give poorer citizens a voice in Athenian governmentThough democracy was still limited to male citizens, Pericles worked to give poorer citizens a voice in Athenian government The Peloponnesian Wars ended the “Golden Age” of Athens. Afterward no singl polis dominated Greece (Banks 209).The Peloponnesian Wars ended the “Golden Age” of Athens. Afterward no singl polis dominated Greece (Banks 209).

Think About It How did the war against Persia bring new wealth and power to Athens?How did the war against Persia bring new wealth and power to Athens? What changes did Pericles introduce in Athens?What changes did Pericles introduce in Athens?

Focus FOCUS: List three things that reflect how the century before 400 BC was a “golden age” for Athens.FOCUS: List three things that reflect how the century before 400 BC was a “golden age” for Athens. THINKING SKILL: Make a generalization about the changes tha occurred in Athenian government between 500 BC and 400 BC.THINKING SKILL: Make a generalization about the changes tha occurred in Athenian government between 500 BC and 400 BC. WRITE: Write a paragraph comparing democracy in Athens with democracy in the United States.WRITE: Write a paragraph comparing democracy in Athens with democracy in the United States.

THINKING SKILLS CONCLUSION – A FINAL STATEMENT ABOUT THE MEANING OF MANY FACTSCONCLUSION – A FINAL STATEMENT ABOUT THE MEANING OF MANY FACTS Helps student see events within the “big picture.”Helps student see events within the “big picture.” Helps make sense of specific facts you can see how they fit into the big pictureHelps make sense of specific facts you can see how they fit into the big picture

Paragraph What is it about? What is the topic?What is it about? What is the topic? What are three facts stated?What are three facts stated? What are keywords in these facts?What are keywords in these facts? What is the common idea?What is the common idea? What isn’t stated but then can be implied?What isn’t stated but then can be implied?

Reviewing the skill What is a conclusion?What is a conclusion? What steps are involved in making a conclusion?What steps are involved in making a conclusion? How does making conclusion help you to better understand many specific facts?How does making conclusion help you to better understand many specific facts?