Chapter 24

 Wave  A disturbance that moves through matter or space  Carry Energy from one place to another

 Mechanical  Transverse Particles move back and forth at right angles (like a jump rope)  Compressional Particles move back and forth along the same direction (like a spring)  Electromagnetic  Move through matter or space Light, Radio Waves, X- Rays

 Wavelength  Distance between 2 points on a wave  Frequency  The number of wavelengths per second  Amplitude  Transverse Half the distance between the crest and trough of a wave

The more energy a wave carries, the larger its amplitude

 Law of Reflection  The angle of the reflection always equals the angle of incidence (the normal)  Refraction  The change in direction of a wave when it changes speed

 Diffraction  The bending of waves around an object  Depends on the size of the object the wave encounters

 Compressional Waves  Can only travel though matter  Transferred by the collision between the particles the waves are traveling through

 Sound waves travel faster through solids and liquids  Speed of Sound increases as temperature increases

 Intensity  Amount of energy carried by a wave  Greater amplitude = Greater intensity  Measured in decibels (dB)

 Frequency  The number of waves per second  Measured in hertz (Hz)  Pitch  The human perception of the frequency of sound  Low frequencies=low pitch  High frequencies=high pitch

 Outer Ear  Visible part of the ear  Shaped like a funnel  Middle Ear  Sound Amplifier  Contains the hammer, anvil, and stirrup  Inner Ear  Contains the cochlea Filled with fluid Lined with cilia (hair like cells)

 Reverberation  Repeated echoes  Echolocation  The process of locating objects by bouncing short, high-frequency sound waves towards a certain area

 Electromagnetic Waves  Waves that can travel through matter or through empty space  Speed of Light  300,000 km/s

 The complete range of electromagnetic wave frequencies and wavelengths  Contains radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, ultraviolet waves, x-rays, and gamma waves  All are the same type of wave. Differ only in frequency, wavelength, and energy

 The color of light depends on the wavelength  Violet has the shortest wavelength  Red has the longest wavelength  White is the combination of all colors  In Order from longest to shortest:  Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet