Introduction to the UIS RICYT-UIS-CONACYT Training Workshop on STI Indicators San Salvador, El Salvador 4-5 November 2015 Rohan Pathirage, UIS

Objectives of this presentation  Present the work that UIS does to support the collection and analysis of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) indicators in developing countries

UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)  Formerly UNESCO Office of Statistics; Division of Statistics on S&T  Established in 1999  September the UIS moved from Paris to the University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada  30 November 2001 – UNESCO Director-General inaugurates the UNESCO Institute for Statistics in Montreal  Director: Ms. Silvia Montoya

UIS presence around the world Montreal Nairobi Bangkok Santiago Paris Harare Dakar ● Doha Delhi

UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)  United Nations data repository for: Education Science, Technology and Innovation Culture Communication

UIS is the UN lead agency for STI statistics Official STI data source for: UN Statistical Division: UN Statistical Year Book UNDP: Human Development Report World Bank: World Development Indicators  Data publicly available at:  UIS Publications (can be downloaded from the UIS website): S&T Bulletins; Fact sheet, eAtlas on R&D statistics  UNESCO Reports: UNESCO Science Report World Social Sciences Report Etc.

Areas of work  R&D personnel & expenditure  Innovation data  Gender in STEM  Human resources devoted to S&T and international mobility  Longer term: Output & Impact

Lines of action 1.STI survey operation and data guardianship 1.1 R&D Survey 1.2 Innovation Survey 2.Training in STI statistics: workshops & other training activities 3.Standard setting and methodological developments 4.Analysis and publications

1. STI Survey operation and data guardianship  Global survey on statistics of Research and Development (R&D) Biennial since 2004 Annual since 2015 Global database on R&D Statistics  2011: Pilot survey of Innovation Statistics  2013: First global data collection of innovation statistics  2015: Second global data collection of innovation statistics

1.1 Survey on Statistics of Research and Development (R&D)  Biennially until 2014, annual since 2015  2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014 R&D surveys completed.  7 th round launched in September  Data and metadata released on UIS website (  OECD and Eurostat provide data for their Member States.  RICYT provides data for Latin America and for a few Caribbean countries.  Cooperation with ASTII in Africa

Data collection: R&D Survey R&D Personnel  By sector of employment, occupation, qualification, and field of science  In headcount and FTE  By gender R&D Expenditure  By sector of performance and source of funds  By type of activity, field of science and by type of cost

UIS 2012 and 2014 Surveys on R&D: response rates & published data Regions Countries & territories covered Q2012Q2014Published data Effective responses (ie. only with data) As of June 2014 Sub-Saharan Africa45818% 19% 818% 17% 3578% 76% Arab States in Africa9222%111%667% Asia (excl. Arab States in Asia & OECD) % 44% 1342% 44% 2581% 74% Arab States in Asia12433%650%758% Americas (excl. RICYT & OECD)1417%1 429% Europe (excl. OECD & Eurostat)16638%6 1169% Oceania (excl. OECD)1500%0 320% Sub-total (only from UIS R&D survey) %3525%9164% Data from other sources: OECD+Eurostat44 100%44100%44100% RICYT262077%2077%2077% Total countries & territories (incl. OECD, EU, RICYT) %9947%15573%

1.2 Innovation Statistics: Why?  Medium-term objective of the International Review of S&T Statistics & Indicators ;  May provide information on the business sector in developing countries that R&D statistics won’t supply;  Many developing countries recently starting to carry out innovation surveys;  UIS has a natural coordinating role as UN lead agency on STI statistics.

The UIS innovation statistics strategy  Goal: to increase the availability of timely, accurate and policy-relevant statistics in the field of STI through the development of a global database of comparable innovation statistics  STI survey operation & data guardianship  UIS Catalogue of innovation surveys  2011 UIS pilot innovation data collection  2012 UIS innovation metadata collection  2013 UIS innovation data collection  2015 data collection currently in the field  Capacity building & training  Methodological developments & survey help  Analysis & publications

UIS innovation data collection (1)  Launch: July, 2013  Countries: all countries with official innovation surveys:  Questionnaire sent to 65 countries: responded 35 countries  Eurostat data: 31 countries  Observation period: most recent innovation survey for which data are available  Industrial coverage: manufacturing  Data release: July, 2014  UIS Data Centre: =INNOV_DS

UIS innovation data collection (2)  Countries - valid responses :  Africa: 6 responses  Arab States: 2 responses  Asia and the Pacific: 12 responses  Europe: 3 responses (+31 Eurostat)  LAC: 10 responses  North America * : 1 response Total: 65 responses * Mexico is included in LAC

2. Capacity building: STI statistics workshops  Increase the number of countries regularly producing quality S&T indicators.  Create local capacities and establish sustainable local S&T statistics systems.  Promote the use of S&T indicators for evidence-based S&T policy making.  Share experiences with other developing countries and address problems.  Gain knowledge about the particular characteristics of S&T statistics data.  Demonstrate good practices in other countries of the region.

UIS STI Statistics regional workshops 2005:Uganda, India 2006:Indonesia, Senegal, Kazakhstan 2007:Tunisia, FYR of Macedonia, Jordan, Russia, Cameroon 2008:Oman, Cambodia, Botswana 2009:Kenya, Egypt 2010:Mali, Syria, Jordan*, Uzbekistan, Ethiopia*, Nepal 2011:Grenada, Gabon, Azerbaijan*, Vietnam 2012:Qatar, UAE*, Cape Town, Vietnam* 2013: Iran, Colombia 2014: Angola*, Indonesia*, Morocco, Mongolia* 2015:Cabo Verde*, Guyana*, Jamaica*, Bahamas* + also contributing to similar workshops of partner organisations (e.g. RICYT, NEPAD, other partner orgs). * National workshops

Results of workshops  Increased response rate – non-responding countries learn how to do it from UIS and neighbours.  Immediate problems solved.  Increased data quality – improved understanding of application of international standards.  Face to face contacts = more effective networking.  Inputs to UIS programme development.

3. Standard setting/ methodological developments  Measuring R&D in Developing Countries: Technical Guide and Annex to the Frascati Manual (2010)  Now mainstreamed in the revised Frascati Manual  Annex to the Oslo Manual (2005)  OECD/UIS/Eurostat Careers of Doctorate Holders (CDH) Project  Technical Paper on the Conduct of an R&D survey (2014)  Revision of the concept of Scientific and Technological Activities (in progress)  Country-level technical assistance on R&D and innovation surveys

STEM and Gender Advancement (SAGA)  Improved Measurement of Gender Equality in Science, Technology, Mathematics and Engineering (STEM);  A Global UNESCO Project, with the support of Sida.

SAGA’s ultimate objectives  Reduce the gender gap in scientific and engineering fields in all countries at all levels of education and research;  Analyse gender related policies and indicators and how they affect the gender balance in STEM;  Strengthen gender equality perspectives in science policy design.

Results SAGA hopes to achieve  Member States, UNESCO and others enabled to measure the status of women and girls in science using sound methodologies and tested indicators on gender equality STEM and data included in the UIS database;  An updated inventory of policy instruments affecting gender equality in STEM incorporated in the Global Observatory on Science Technology and Innovation Policy Instruments (GO  SPIN);  A critical mass of officials in pilot countries trained to collect data;  Technical Paper of proposed standard practice for surveys on gender policy instruments and indicators on STEM published.

4. Some publications  Data publicly available at:  UIS Fact Sheets  UNESCO Science Report technology/prospective-studies/unesco-science-report/unesco- science-report-2015/  R&D eAtlas:

Collaborations / Partnerships  UNESCO HQs  World Bank  Eurostat  AU-NEPAD  ADB  ATPS  ISDB  EU-Medibtikar  IDRC (Canada)  IRD (France)  IDB  UNESCO offices worldwide  OECD  RICYT (Latin America)  ALECSO  Arab Academy of Science  ISESCO  Inter-Academy Council  INRS (Quebec, Canada)  ASEAN  Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI), Austria  ECO

Thank you!