Transport These blood cells have been put in three different solutions. The solutions were: distilled water, sugar water and an isotonic sports drink. Which cells were in which solution? Justify your choice.

Active Transport Lesson Learning Outcomes: Increasing Difficulty Define the term active transport Explain why energy is required by active transport Suggest why active transport is important in plants

Back to back One person should describe what they see on the board, the other person should draw it based on their description

Atmospheric Nitrogen Water-logged Soil  Nitrate Absorption Feeding and digestion Death and Excretion Dead Organic Matter Ammonium Ions Ammonification Nitrification Denitrification Nitrogen Fixation Leguminous Plants Nitrifying Bacteria Free Living Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Denitrifying Bacteria Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Fertilisers Farmers and gardeners add fertilisers to soil They usually contain NKP (Nitrogen, potassium and phosphates) How do plants absorb the nitrates from the soil?

Consensus placemat Plants need nitrates to make proteins. By what process do they get into the plant? What would happen if the concentration of nitrates was lower in the soil than in the plant?

Movement in and out of cells Substances move in and out of cells by passive and active transport. Which methods of transport are illustrated?

What is active transport? Substances can move passively in and out of cells by diffusion until the concentration on both sides of the cell membrane reaches an equilibrium. Substances can continue to move in and out of a cell using a process called active transport. As the name suggests, active transport requires energy from the cell, which is made available by respiration. During active transport, protein carriers in the cell membrane ‘pick up’ particles and move them against the concentration gradient.

What is active transport?

Active transport in plants Plants need to absorb mineral elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil for healthy growth. When the concentration of minerals in soil is lower than inside the plant, active transport is used to absorb the minerals against the concentration gradient. What would happen if the plant relied on diffusion to absorb minerals? The cells would become drained of minerals because they would travel down the concentration gradient. minerals

Active transport in humans During digestion, the villi in the small intestine absorb the soluble nutrients. Over time, the concentration of nutrients in the villi reach an equilibrium with the concentration in the gut. Active transport is used to continue the transport of the small amounts of remaining nutrients against the concentration gradient. glucose

Quiz Quiz trade Find out more about where active transport might be used.

Venn Diagram OSMOSIS DIFFUSION ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Getting stuff in and out On your plant summarise how all the different substances are transported in and out