2. Lacks membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles)
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Lacks membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles)
Eg: bacteria
11,000x

3. Has membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles)
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Has membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles)
Eg: fungi, animal cells, plant cells
11,000x

4. Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
The plasma membrane is vital to the cell. What is the actual membrane made up of?
Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins
How does it function?
Allows nutrients into the cell
Allows waste to leave the cell

5. Sometimes, there is a condition within the cell where there is continuous movement, but no overall change. The concentration remains the same. What is this condition called?
Dynamic Equilibrium!

6. What is the concentration gradient?
The amount of change in concentration across a membrane

7. Moves from high to low concentration Does not require ENERGY
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Passive Transport
Movement of particles across the cell membrane WITH the concentration gradient
Moves from high to low concentration
Does not require ENERGY

8. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
3 Types of Passive Transport:
1. Diffusion
Random movement in which PARTICLES move from high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Initial Conditions
Diffusion
Low
High
High
Low

9. Diffusion in a Cell Diffusion… Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Diffusion…
Diffusion in a Cell

10. 2. Facilitated Diffusion
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
2. Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion with the use of TRANSPORT PROTEINS

11. Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins Facilitated Diffusion… Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Facilitated Diffusion…
Channel Proteins
Carrier Proteins

12. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function

13. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
3. Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Three Types of Solutions
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

14. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function

15. Same concentration of water & solutes in/out of cell
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Types of Osmotic Solution:
A. Isotonic Solution
Same concentration of water & solutes in/out of cell
Plant Cell
Blood Cell
11,397x

16. Water diffuses out of cell; cell SHRINKS
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
B. Hypertonic Solution
Concentration of solute outside of cell is higher than inside (therefore water is higher inside)
Water diffuses out of cell; cell SHRINKS
Plant Cell
Blood Cell
13,000x

17. Water diffuses into the cell.; cell SWELLS
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
C. Hypotonic Solution
Concentration of solute inside of cell is higher than outside (therefore water is higher outside)
Water diffuses into the cell.; cell SWELLS
Plant Cell
Blood Cell
13,000x

18. Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Active Transport
Movement of particles across the cell membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient
Moves from low to high concentration
Requires ENERGY
Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins

19. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
2 Types of Active Transport:
Exocytosis
Used to expel wastes and secrete substances (eg. Hormones) produced by the cell
Endocytosis
Process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment and encloses it in a portion of cell membrane