A food supplement, also known as dietary supplement or nutritional supplement, is a preparation intended to provide nutrients that are missing or are not consumed in sufficient quantity in a person's diet.  Marketed as pills, tablets, capsules, liquids in measured doses. Definition

Essential organic nutrients: that promote energy for living Essential organic nutrients: that promote energy for living organisms requiring them are: organisms requiring them are: - Amino acids (the precursors of protein) - Amino acids (the precursors of protein) - Fatty acids - Fatty acids - Carbohydrates. - Carbohydrates. - Purine and pyrimidine and their derivatives (precursors - Purine and pyrimidine and their derivatives (precursors of nucleic acids). of nucleic acids). - Vitamins. - Vitamins. Essential inorganic nutrients that promote the growth and Essential inorganic nutrients that promote the growth and maintenance of living organisms such as: maintenance of living organisms such as: boron, calcium, iodine, iron, magnesium, boron, calcium, iodine, iron, magnesium, potassium, selenium and zinc potassium, selenium and zinc

 All nutrients required for human life work interdependently in order to metabolize and facilitate optimal functioning. in order to metabolize and facilitate optimal functioning. E.g.: intake of calcium requires a complementary amount of magnesium so the calcium will be absorbed properly. E.g.: intake of calcium requires a complementary amount of magnesium so the calcium will be absorbed properly. An excess of calcium may be responsible for a magnesium deficiency. An excess of calcium may be responsible for a magnesium deficiency.

Do YOU Need a Dietary Supplement?

When You May Need a Dietary Supplement You eat a very low-calorie diet You eat an all-plant diet (vegan) You are in a certain stage of the life cycle (e.g., a pregnant, breastfeeding) Your doctor may prescribe a supplement for you if: You have a disease, infection, or injury or recently had surgery You have a nutritional deficiency You are taking medications that interfere with your body’s use of specific nutrients

  Dietary supplement would include: ■ Vitamins (e.g.: Vitamin B6, Niacin,Vitamin C) ■ Minerals (e.g.: Calcium and Iron) ■ Amino acid (e.g.: Tyrosine, Creatine, L-tryptophan, Phenylalanine) ■ Herbals

 Pregnant women.  Infants.  Children.  Adolescents.  Elderly.  Individuals with inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism.  Individuals with certain diseases. L-tryptophan and phenylalanine in dietary supplement caused potential risks for: E.g.: L-tryptophan and phenylalanine in dietary supplement caused potential risks for:  Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises caution with amino acid supplements.

 Eosinophilia-myelgia syndrome (EMS) was associated with the ingestion of L-tryptophan in a dietary supplement.  EMS is a systemic connective tissue disease characterized by: - Severe muscle pain - Increase in white blood cells - Certain skin and neuromuscular manifestations.  People with phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare genetic condition, when ingest too much phenylalanine, serious problems could occur, especially brain and mental problems in children.

Herbs   Combining herbals with medicines can result in an adverse reaction where "double-dosing" can occur or a worsening of symptoms in those with a chronic medical condition.

Some of the fastest growing herbal categories include the following:  Herbals that increase circulation (Ginko biloba)  Herbals used for calmative effect (Kava kava, Valerian, Chamomile)  Herbals to lessen a cold flu symptoms and boost immunity (Echinacea, Goldenseal)  Herbs for mild depression (St. John's Wort ).  Herbs for inflammation (Curcuma domestica).  Herbs for lowering cholesterol (Allium sativum).  Herbs to treat hypertension (Valariana officinalis, Panax ginseng)

Be careful when using Herbal Supplements:  Herbals can interact with drugs used for anesthesia (all herbals be discontinued 2-3 weeks prior to a scheduled surgery).  Stop all herbals if pregnant or breast-feeding.  Many herbals can interact with the anticoagulant: - Avoid taking supplements of garlic, ginko biloba, ginger, - Avoid taking supplements of garlic, ginko biloba, ginger, while taking the blood thinner Coumadin ® as these while taking the blood thinner Coumadin ® as these herbs can further prolong clotting times. herbs can further prolong clotting times.  Don't give herbal remedies to children without first checking with the child's pediatrician.

 Many drugs interact with St. John's Wort, prompting the FDA to issue a health advisory: St. John's Wort can cause some drugs to be eliminated from the body too quickly, making them less effective such as oral contraceptives, anti-cancer agents, heart medications and drugs that fight HIV. St. John's Wort can cause some drugs to be eliminated from the body too quickly, making them less effective such as oral contraceptives, anti-cancer agents, heart medications and drugs that fight HIV.  Don't take herbal products containing ephedra. Many deaths have been associated with its use.

Possible Side Effects of Supplement Use Dehydration Dehydration Nervousness and Dizziness Nervousness and Dizziness Changes in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Changes in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Heart Attack Heart Attack Seizures Psychosis Death Interaction with medications

Supplements to Avoid Steroids and Steroid-Enhancers Linked to liver toxicity and increased risk of heart attack. Kava Kava Linked to liver damage Banned in European countries and Canada St Johns Wort Interferes with a huge number of medications

Dietary Supplements D/S Distinguished from Drugs: Distinguished from Drugs: Drug must undergo FDA approval after clinical studies to determine effectiveness and safety Drug must undergo FDA approval after clinical studies to determine effectiveness and safety D/S = no pre-market testing D/S = no pre-market testing DSHEA (Dietary Supplement Health Education Act)  DSHEA defines a dietary supplement as any product that contains a vitamin, mineral, herb, or amino acid and that is intended as a supplement to the normal diet.

DSHEA authorized to provide accurate information to consumers and the label must include: DSHEA authorized to provide accurate information to consumers and the label must include: Name of each ingredient Name of each ingredient Quantity of each ingredient Quantity of each ingredient Total weight of all ingredient if a blend Total weight of all ingredient if a blend Identity of part of plant derived from Identity of part of plant derived from Term “Dietary Supplement” Term “Dietary Supplement” Statements may be included on the label that give the manufacturers description of the role of the D/S Statements may be included on the label that give the manufacturers description of the role of the D/S Not authorized by FDA Not authorized by FDA

Food coloring is any substance that is added to food or drink to change its color. Purpose of food coloring - Offsetting color loss due to light, air, extremes of temp., moisture, and storage conditions. - Enhancing naturally occurring colors. - Decorative purposes.

Natural food dyes Caramel coloring (E150), made from caramelized sugar, used in cola products and also in cosmetics. Annatto (E160b), a reddish-orange dye made from the seed of the Achiote. Turmeric (curcuminoids, E100) Saffron (carotenoids, E160a) Paprika (E160c)

A great deal of research finds definite connections between behavioral problems and hyperactivity in children. Other effects on health from food dyes are allergies, headache, asthma, fatigue, nausea, concentration problems, agitation and nervousness. Side effects of coloring agents

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