Department of Ethnic Studies & Asian American Studies Program California State University, Sacramento ETHN 14: Introduction to Asian American Studies Week 6 Session 1 Japanese American Experience

Last Time Discussed Hu-Dehart’s piece Analyzed terms from Kitano & Daniels on the Chinese American experience Gave feedback on Reading Notes

Today Explore the relationship between cultural representations and identity formation by comparing and contrasting Chinese and Japanese American experiences. Begin to surface themes that describe the shared experience of APIs.

Recap of Monday’s Discussion What social structures shape their experience? How does power distribution shape experience? How is experience shaped by the way power impacts social structure? Key question: does power shape social structure, or does social structure influence power?

Recap of Monday’s Discussion What social structures shape their experience? How does power distribution shape experience? How is experience shaped by the way power impacts social structure? Key question: does power shape social structure, or does social structure influence power? Answer: Trick question. They influence each other.

Crosscutting ThemesChinese AmericansJapanese Americans Immigrant PopulationsSojourner immigrants, Chinese WomenPoor from rural areas and Ryokyu Islands Settlement PatternsPacific Coast: California San Francisco Pacific Coast, Hawaii, California San Francisco Factors that influenced Immigration (Push-Pull) Gold Rush, Fall of SaigonExclusion of Chinese, Agriculture, Railroads, and domestic work LaborAgriculture, WWII economy Railroads Domestic Services (Laundries) Agriculture, Railroads, and domestic work Country of Origin’s Relationship with US Government Immigration Act of 1965, The Good Earth, Arrival of Chinese Women, Ping Pong Diplomacy Gentlemen’s Agreement, Meiji Revolution, Attack on Pearl Harbor Exclusion, Surveillance, and Discrimination Foreign Miner’s Tax Chinese Exclusion Act Ordinances on Living and Labor Conditions, Cold War, Hiram Fong, FOB/ABC, Dr. Wen Ho Lee San Francisco School Board incident, Anti- miscegenation laws, restrictive covenants, Alien Land Act (1913 and 1920), CWIRC/Exec Order 9066 Community InstitutionsFamily Associations, Paper Sons Six Companies Native Sons of the Golden State, levels of educaiton Japanese Association of America, Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) Cultural representations of the racialized “other” Yellow Peril, Model Minorities, Tianaman SquareThe second generation Japanese Problem, Yellow Peril, Scientific racism/social darwinism Generations and Acculturation Native Sons of the Golden State, FOBs ABCsIssei, Nisei, Sanseil; redress

“Within Group” Analyses of Chinese Social structures such as institutions and organizations and power distribution are closely linked. Institutions function to reinforce existing power relations between ethnic groups. Differential power relations between ethnic groups shape how institutions function. Early Chinese immigrant communities were structured around institutions and organizations that were brought from southern China and adapted in the Western United States with San Francisco as it’s. These organizations took on different functions with the second generation. The dominant culture values material wealth and uses its control over local, state, and federal government to limit labor competition and access to opportunity.

Crosscutting ThemesChinese AmericansJapanese Americans Immigrant PopulationsSojourner immigrants, Chinese WomenPoor from rural areas and Ryokyu Islands Settlement PatternsPacific Coast: California San Francisco Pacific Coast, Hawaii, California San Francisco Factors that influenced Immigration (Push-Pull) Gold Rush, Fall of SaigonExclusion of Chinese, Agriculture, Railroads, and domestic work LaborAgriculture, WWII economy Railroads Domestic Services (Laundries) Agriculture, Railroads, and domestic work Country of Origin’s Relationship with US Government Immigration Act of 1965, The Good Earth, Arrival of Chinese Women, Ping Pong Diplomacy Gentlemen’s Agreement, Meiji Revolution, Attack on Pearl Harbor Exclusion, Surveillance, and Discrimination Foreign Miner’s Tax Chinese Exclusion Act Ordinances on Living and Labor Conditions, Cold War, Hiram Fong, FOB/ABC, Dr. Wen Ho Lee San Francisco School Board incident, Anti- miscegenation laws, restrictive covenants, Alien Land Act (1913 and 1920), CWIRC/Exec Order 9066 Community InstitutionsFamily Associations, Paper Sons Six Companies Native Sons of the Golden State, levels of educaiton Japanese Association of America, Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) Cultural representations of the racialized “other” Yellow Peril, Model Minorities, Tianaman SquareThe second generation Japanese Problem, Yellow Peril, Scientific racism/social darwinism Generations and Acculturation Native Sons of the Golden State, FOBs ABCsIssei, Nisei, Sanseil; redress

Discussion Question 1 What are the three most significant similarities between the two API ethnic groups related to their experience in the U.S.? What are the three most significant differences between the two API ethnic groups related to their experience in the U.S.? Are there systemic factors that explain why these similarities and differences exist? If so, what are they?

Crosscutting ThemesChinese AmericansJapanese Americans Immigrant PopulationsSojourner immigrants, Chinese WomenPoor from rural areas and Ryokyu Islands Settlement PatternsPacific Coast: California San Francisco Pacific Coast, Hawaii, California San Francisco Factors that influenced Immigration (Push-Pull) Gold Rush, Fall of SaigonExclusion of Chinese, Agriculture, Railroads, and domestic work LaborAgriculture, WWII economy Railroads Domestic Services (Laundries) Agriculture, Railroads, and domestic work Country of Origin’s Relationship with US Government Immigration Act of 1965, The Good Earth, Arrival of Chinese Women, Ping Pong Diplomacy Gentlemen’s Agreement, Meiji Revolution, Attack on Pearl Harbor Exclusion, Surveillance, and Discrimination Foreign Miner’s Tax Chinese Exclusion Act Ordinances on Living and Labor Conditions, Cold War, Hiram Fong, FOB/ABC, Dr. Wen Ho Lee San Francisco School Board incident, Anti- miscegenation laws, restrictive covenants, Alien Land Act (1913 and 1920), CWIRC/Exec Order 9066 Community InstitutionsFamily Associations, Paper Sons Six Companies Native Sons of the Golden State, levels of educaiton Japanese Association of America, Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) Cultural representations of the racialized “other” Yellow Peril, Model Minorities, Tianaman SquareThe second generation Japanese Problem, Yellow Peril, Scientific racism/social darwinism Generations and Acculturation Native Sons of the Golden State, FOBs ABCsIssei, Nisei, Sanseil; redress

Discussion Question 2 How are cultural representations (stereotypes/depictions) of the two Asian American groups linked to the U.S.’s relationships with their former countries? How do cultural representations reflect who controls mass media? How might these linkages affect how identities are shaped? (i.e. what it means to be Chinese American and Japanese American) What kind of treatment by the dominant culture did these representations engender?

Discussion Question 3 What does our cross-case analysis reveal in terms of a common or shared experience between API groups? What are some emerging themes, patterns, or ideas that link APIs?

Crosscutting ThemesChinese AmericansJapanese Americans Immigrant PopulationsSojourner immigrants, Chinese WomenPoor from rural areas and Ryokyu Islands Settlement PatternsPacific Coast: California San Francisco Pacific Coast, Hawaii, California San Francisco Factors that influenced Immigration (Push-Pull) Gold Rush, Fall of SaigonExclusion of Chinese, Agriculture, Railroads, and domestic work LaborAgriculture, WWII economy Railroads Domestic Services (Laundries) Agriculture, Railroads, and domestic work Country of Origin’s Relationship with US Government Immigration Act of 1965, The Good Earth, Arrival of Chinese Women, Ping Pong Diplomacy Gentlemen’s Agreement, Meiji Revolution, Attack on Pearl Harbor Exclusion, Surveillance, and Discrimination Foreign Miner’s Tax Chinese Exclusion Act Ordinances on Living and Labor Conditions, Cold War, Hiram Fong, FOB/ABC, Dr. Wen Ho Lee San Francisco School Board incident, Anti- miscegenation laws, restrictive covenants, Alien Land Act (1913 and 1920), CWIRC/Exec Order 9066 Community InstitutionsFamily Associations, Paper Sons Six Companies Native Sons of the Golden State, levels of educaiton Japanese Association of America, Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) Cultural representations of the racialized “other” Yellow Peril, Model Minorities, Tianaman SquareThe second generation Japanese Problem, Yellow Peril, Scientific racism/social darwinism Generations and Acculturation Native Sons of the Golden State, FOBs ABCsIssei, Nisei, Sanseil; redress

To Prepare for Next Session Next time: American Economic and Military Expansion Prepare Reading Notes on Kitano & Daniels, Ch. 7 (Filipinos) and 10 (Pacific Islanders)