CON 4003/CVE 4073/CVE 5073 Construction Estimating Prof R. V. Locurcio

 plumbing  plumb = lead = many original piping systems lead also used in joining copper pipes  T he system of pipes, tanks, fittings, and other apparatus required for the water supply, heating, and sanitation in a building.

 PVC (Water, Sewer and Vent)  Sanitary Mains are typically 4” in a home, and vary in size from 2”-3”  The main sanitary line will connect from the tap at the municipal main near the property boundary to the structure it serves  CPVC (Hot Water)  Copper Pipe (Potable Water)  Runs from the water meter at the property line to the structure it serves  Sizes usually range from ½” to 2” within a home

 PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride. I t has become a common replacement for metal piping. PVC’s strength, durability, easy installation, and low cost have made it one of the most widely used plastics in the world. ASTM standard allows PVC to be used in applications not exceeding 140 degrees F. Temperatures over this can cause softening of the material and weakening of joints.  CPVC is altered by a free radical chlorination reaction that effectively increases the chlorine content of the material. This difference in makeup allows CPVC to withstand a wider range of temperatures. This is why many building codes require the use of CPVC as opposed to PVC for use in hot water applications. CPVC can handle temperatures up to 200 degrees F.

Step 1: Cut the pipe to the length of your desires Step 2: Chamfer the inner and outer edges

Step 3: Dry fit the pipe and make alignment marks Step 4: Apply purple primer, then cement to both contact surfaces Step 5: Join pipes together and align marks. The cement dries in about a minute. Voila!

Step 1: Cut the pipe Step 2: Deburr the pipe Step 3: Clean the outside of pipe with sandpaper Step 4: Clean the inside of pipe with brush

Step 5: Apply solder flux. This helps draw in the solder after heat is applied Step 6: Apply heat to the joint opposite the side solder is applied. Once the joint is hot enough, solder will melt and be drawn into the joint. This takes about 15 seconds.

Sewer Vent Lavatory Drain Pipe Hot water Cold Water Toilet Flange Shutoff Valve

90° PVC Elbow Sanitary PVC Pipe Copper Pipe Copper Tee Reducing Sanitary Tee P Trap PVC Tee with Reducing Bushing

The P-trap provides a water “barrier” that allows fluid to pass through and then settles back to block sewer gas from reentering the room through the fixture inlet. The vent prevents the siphoning effect that would prevent the water from settling back into the P-trap zone. It must be placed before the top of the DWV Pipe falls below the elevation of the flow line of the pipe as it leaves the trap.

Determine the water line components needed to complete the copper water supply for the bathroom shown in the figure to the left. Note: The book expects you to “approximate” the lengths. Most plans will have details that accurately describe the plumbing dimensions and required fixtures. EXAMPLE PROBLEM 1

Find the materials for the hot water line. 19 LF of ¾” pipe is required for the HOT water line. It tees off to supply hot water to FOUR (4) lavatories. Each tee needs ONE (1) 90 elbow and ONE ( ½ x 6) inch stub-out for a total of FOUR (4) each. Item ¾ inch Pipe19 LF 1 inch Pipe 1 ¼ inch Pipe (¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee4 (1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee (1 x 1 x ½) inch tee (1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee (1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee 90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch 4 90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch Air Chamber Stub Out (½ x 6) inch4

Find the LF for the COLD water Line 8 LF of ¾ pipe expands to 3 LF of 1 inch pipe, which then expands to 1 ¼ inch pipe for the remaining 8 LF. Item ¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF 1 inch Pipe3 LF 1 ¼ inch Pipe8 LF (¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee4 (1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee (1 x 1 x ½) inch tee (1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee (1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee 90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch 4 90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch Air Chamber Stub Out (½ x 6) inch4

Cold Pipe Materials for FOUR (4) Lavatories. Item Quantity ¾ inch Pipe19 LF + 8 LF 1 inch Pipe3 LF 1 ¼ inch Pipe8 LF (¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee (1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee (1 x 1 x ½) inch tee (1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee1 (1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee 90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch 4 90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch Air Chamber Stub Out (½ x 6) inch4 ½ inch Pipe Going from right to left, THREE (3) ( ¾ x ¾ x ½ ) inch tees and 1 ( ¾ x 1 x ½ ) inch tee is needed

The remaining tees are counted in similar fashion. Item Quantity ¾ inch Pipe19 LF + 8 LF 1 inch Pipe3 LF 1 ¼ inch Pipe8 LF (¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee4 + 3 (1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee1 (1 x 1 x ½) inch tee2 (1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee1 (1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee 2 90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch ° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch Air Chamber Stub Out (½ x 6) inch4 ½ inch Pipe Going from left to right, THREE (1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tees, ONE (1 ¼ x 1 x ½ ) inch tee, and TWO ( 1 x 1 x ½ ) inch tees are needed. For each tee a 90° Elbow is required for the stubout for a total of SIX (6) tees and elbows.

The water closets (toilets) require 18 inch risers, and the urinal requires a 30 inch riser (taken from the textbook). Item ¾ inch Pipe19 LF + 8 LF 1 inch Pipe3 LF 1 ¼ inch Pipe8 LF (¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee4 + 3 (1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee1 (1 x 1 x ½) inch tee2 (1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee1 (1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee 2 90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch ° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch 1 Air Chamber1 Stub Out (½ x 6) inch(4 x 6 inch) ½ inch Pipe18” + 30” An air chamber is also required that is ½ “ x 12” and needs a reducing 90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch.

 Also called DWV system  Carries wastewater from building  Waste pipes carry water with solid waste  Drain pipes carry water without solid waste  Please don’t ask me what solid waste looks like  The vent keeps everything going downhill

DWV Example Problem Determine the DWV components needed to complete the DWV system shown. The horizontal waste piping is 2 FT below the finished floor, the horizontal vent piping is 9 FT above the finished floor, and the vent terminates 14 FT above the finished floor. Its not rocket science but it’s a good idea to get to know the abbreviations used in the plan. FD = Floor Drain WC = Water Closet or Toilet L = Lavatory or Sink WCO = Wall Clean Out UR = Urinal

DWV Example Problem Starting with the Cleanout (WCO) 4 LF of 2” PIPE 12 LF of 4” PIPE 1 2” Cleanout Plug 8 LF of 2” PIPE 1 2” Cleanout Adapter 1 4”x4”x2” Reducing Sanitary Tee 1 4”x2” Bushing 1 2” Sanitary Tee 2 2” 90° Elbows 1 4”x4”x3” Reducing Sanitary Tee 1 4”x4”x2” Reducing Sanitary Tee 2 4”x4”x3” Reducing Sanitary Tees

DWV Example Problem Then the Lavatory Risers 8 LF of 2” PIPE 4 6” long sections of 2” PIPE 4 Male Adapters 2 Double 2” Sanitary Tees

DWV Example Problem Now the Water Closet & Urinal Risers 1 LF of 3” PIPE 2 LF of 3” PIPE 3 LF of 2” Pipe 1 3” Sanitary Tee 1 3”x2” Bushing 2 LF 3” Pipe 2 3” Double Sanitary Tees 1 6” Length of 2” Pipe 1 2” Sanitary Tee 4 3” 90° Elbows 8 LF 3” Pipe 2 3”x2” Bushing 4 3” Toilet Flanges

DWV Example Problem Then the Floor Drains 1 LF of 2” PIPE 8 LF of 2” PIPE 2 2” Floor Drains 1 2” Double Sanitary Tee 2 P-Traps

DWV Example Problem Finally the Vent Piping 21 LF of 2” PIPE 30 LF of 2” PIPE 1 3” Tee 5 LF of 3” Pipe 15 LF of 2” Pipe 4 2” Tees 2 2” 90° Elbows 2 3”x2” Bushings

DWV Example Problem Then finish off with odds and ends 7 2” Test Caps 1 Thermoplastic Roof Flashing 5 3” Test Caps 1 Decorative Cleanout Cover

 There’s lots of info on my web site  Once you have completed the quantity takeoff you can then use simple math to add everything up and price the job accordingly.  Use the HW template

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