EAS Search and Rescue Overview International standards, protocols and mechanisms Mr Nigel Clifford General Manager Safety & Response Maritime New Zealand Ms Christine MacMillian Manager, Search & Rescue Australian Maritime Safety Authority

Search & Rescue Genesis - Maritime Maritime SAR – driven by international events and domestic responses to ship wrecks over generations Maritime tradition, customary law and agreements 1948 Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation Became the International maritime Organisation in 1982 Grown to cover most matters related to shipping 1970’s Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR Convention)

Search & Rescue Genesis - Aeronautical Impact of World War II Freight and Passenger air travel explosion Recognition of need to support air transport and passenger safety for the post war world International Civil Aviation Organisation established 1947 under the 1944 Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention)

ICAO/IMO SAR Evolution Parallel, but co-ordinated evolution through: International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Both coordinate, on global basis, member States’ efforts to provide SAR services. ICAO / IMO goal – ensure SAR services available wherever people fly or sail worldwide.

Annex 12 Search and Rescue & SAR Convention Applicable to the establishment, maintenance and operation of SAR services in the territories of Contracting States and over the high seas, and to the coordination of such services between States.” SAR Convention ‘Search and Rescue Service’ - “the performance of distress monitoring, communication, coordination and search and rescue functions……within search and rescue regions ……cooperation between nations

ICAO SAR ANNEX 12 and IMO SAR Convention Administrative structure ICAO RANP’s and IMO Global SAR Plans Regional SAR Plans (where applicable) National SAR Plan Implementing Guidance ICAO-IMO SAR Manuals Regional SAR Manuals National SAR Manuals RCC Plans of Operations Global SAR plans IMO's SAR Plan and ICAO's Regional Air Navigation Plans (RANPs). Form basis for implementing national and regional (bilateral or multilateral) plans, manuals, agreements and related SAR documents. IMO Global SAR Plan and applicable ICAO RANP would be followed by a regional SAR plan where a regional SAR system exists. National SAR plans

International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual Joint ICAO / IMO publication Primary purpose To assist States meet SAR needs and obligations per the SAR Conventions. Guidelines - common aviation and maritime approach to SAR as part of Global SAR system. New edition 1 June 2013

ICAO/IMO Joint Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (JWG) Established 1993 to develop recommendations and information to support IMO and/or ICAO on any matters pertinent to harmonization of international maritime and aeronautical SAR. Members expected to serve as individual SAR experts rather than State representatives. No power to make recommendations to States or any organization other than IMO and ICAO. IAMSAR Manual - JWG recommends content and amendments.

Air Traffic Growth - Global Source ICAO: In 2012: 2.9 billion people used scheduled air transport 5.4 trillion passenger-kilometres performed (PKPs), up 4.9% from 2011 Forecast: Over 6 billion people by 2030 Number of flights should double from 30 million to 60 million per year

Air Traffic Growth – Asia/Pacific Region Source ICAO, 2013: In terms of PKPs, the Asia/Pacific Region is the world’s largest scheduled air passenger market with 30% of world traffic. Forecast to 2015 - Asia/Pacific Region will remain the largest market. Source Boeing, Feb 2014: Airlines in the Asia/Pacific will take 36% of all commercial aircraft manufactured over the next 20 years. Nearly half of world air traffic growth will be driven by the Asia/Pacific region. Asia/Pacific Region’s airlines will nearly triple their fleet sizes to 14,750 jets by 2032 from 5,090 jets in 2012.

2010 2002 2013

2010 2002 2013

Search & Rescue – Mass Casualty Guidance COMSAR/Circ.31 6 February 2003 - GUIDANCE FOR MASS RESCUE OPERATIONS prepared by the Joint ICAO/IMO Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue at its ninth session (2002), to: “assist Member Governments in preparing for, and co-ordinating aspects of, major incidents involving rescue of large numbers of persons in distress from ships or downed aircraft; and in working with companies that operate large passenger ships and aircraft to ensure that they are prepared to effectively support such rescue efforts.” US Coastguard – ‘Black Swan’ Exercise series International Maritime Rescue Federation

Search & Rescue - Characteristics Best endeavours commitment – Rescue Coordination Centre concept Primacy within own Search and Rescue Region (SRR) Recover persons in distress and transport to a ‘place of safety’ Co-operative across SRR boundaries Apolitical Coordination and Communication not ‘Control’ Civil/military mix, some Joint RCC’s, some environment specific Vast majority of operations, small-scale, short-duration, simple, single SRR

International SAR in Context SAR is focused on the rescue and recovery of persons in distress SAR mandates, authority, capabilities and training align to this focus Recent aviation tragedies - SAR component reduces and stops Natural disasters have a SAR component but much else besides Mass rescue for SAR a major challenge – resources, currency, skills Most likely mass rescue scenario – large passenger vessel Nations’ approach to SAR varies but international frameworks are clear The frameworks support, encourage and guide SAR coordination and communication – this is the approach to build on

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