By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Art and Patronage Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on art. –Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values. –Italian banking & international trade interests had the money. Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds. Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!
2. Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.
3. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)
4. Empasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca,
Isabella d’Este – da Vinci, 1499 “First Lady of the Italian Renaissance.” Great patroness of the arts in Mantua. Known during her time as “First Lady of the World!”
5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate Leonardo da Vinci 1469 The figure as architecture!
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Chiaroscuro Sfumato
Renaissance Florence The Wool Factory by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 The Wool Factory by Mirabello Cavalori, – first gold florins minted 1252 – first gold florins minted Florentine lion: symbol of St. Mark Florentine lion: symbol of St. Mark
Lorenzo the Magnificent Cosimo de Medici
Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel Medici Chapel The Medici Palace
Filippo Brunelleschi Architect Cuppolo of St. Maria del Fiore
Filippo Brunelleschi Commissioned to build the cathedral dome. –Used unique architectural concepts. He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome. Used ribs for support.
Dome Comparisons Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)
David by Donatello 1430 First free-form bronze since Roman times! The Liberation of Sculpture
David Verrocchio David Verrocchio
The Baptism of Christ Verrocchio, The Baptism of Christ Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci
The Renaissance “Man” Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.
1. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, Artist Sculptor Architect Scientist Engineer Inventor
Leonardo, the Artist The Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
Refractory Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan
2. Michelangelo Buonorrati 1475 – 1564 He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.
The Sistine Chapel Michelangelo Buonarroti
The Sistine Chapel Details The Creation of the Heavens
The Sistine Chapel Details The Last Judgment
The School of Athens – Raphael, Raphael Da Vinci Michelangelo
Renaissance Art in Northern Europe Should not be considered an appendage to Italian art. But, Italian influence was strong. –Painting in OIL, developed in Flanders, was widely adopted in Italy. The differences between the two cultures: –Italy change was inspired by humanism with its emphasis on the revival of the values of classical antiquity. –No. Europe change was driven by religious reform, the return to Christian values, and the revolt against the authority of the Church. More princes & kings were patrons of artists.
Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art The continuation of late medieval attention to details. Tendency toward realism & naturalism [less emphasis on the “classical ideal”]. Interest in landscapes. More emphasis on middle-class and peasant life. Details of domestic interiors. Great skill in portraiture.
Jan van Eyck (1395 – 1441) More courtly and aristocratic work. –Court painter to the Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good. The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, 1435.
Van Eyck: The Crucifixion & The Last Judgment