Astronomy SOL Review 6.8The student will investigate and understand the organization of the solar system and the relationships among the various bodies that comprise it. Key concepts include: 6.8The student will investigate and understand the organization of the solar system and the relationships among the various bodies that comprise it. Key concepts include: 1. Describe the planets and their relative positions from the sun. 2. Compare the characteristics of Pluto & explain its designation as a dwarf planet. 3. Design and interpret a scale model of the solar system. 4. Explain the role of gravity in the solar system. 5. Compare/contrast revolution & rotation. 6. Model and describe how day and night and the phases of the moon occur. 7. Model and describe how Earth’s axial tilt and its annual orbit around the sun cause seasons. 8. Describe the unique characteristics of planet Earth. 9. Discuss the relationship between the gravitational pull of the moon and the cycle of tides. 10. Compare and contrast the ideas of Ptolemy, Aristotle, Copernicus, and Galileo related to the solar system. 11. Create and interpret a timeline highlighting the advancements in solar system exploration over the past half century. This should include information on the first modern rockets, artificial satellites, orbital missions, missions to the moon, Mars robotic explorers, and exploration of the outer planets.

Rotation vs. Revolution The period of revolution is when an object travels around another. For a planet, one revolution is one year. The period of revolution is when an object travels around another. For a planet, one revolution is one year. The period of rotation is one spin on an axis. For a planet one rotation is one day. The period of rotation is one spin on an axis. For a planet one rotation is one day. We revolve around the sun and rotate on our axis We revolve around the sun and rotate on our axis

1.What is this image showing you? 2.What direction does earth move?

Revolution around the sun ence/terc/content/visualizations/es0408/es 0408page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizatio n ence/terc/content/visualizations/es0408/es 0408page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizatio n ence/terc/content/visualizations/es0408/es 0408page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizatio n ence/terc/content/visualizations/es0408/es 0408page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizatio n

Seasons: caused from the tilt of the earth on its axis ntent/visualizations/es1704/es1704page01.cfm?chapter _no=visualization ntent/visualizations/es1704/es1704page01.cfm?chapter _no=visualization ntent/visualizations/es1704/es1704page01.cfm?chapter _no=visualization ntent/visualizations/es1704/es1704page01.cfm?chapter _no=visualization

Draw & Label in your notes Make sure the angle (tilt) is pretty close to the image Summer: titled toward sun Autumn Winter: tilted away from sun Spring

Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees on its axis Always the direction N is facing… Toward sun = summer Away from sun = winter

The sun’s angle striking earth changes based on season This is why your shadow is longer in summer

Same thing, different viewpoint

Gravity is a force that keeps the planets their set distance from the sun. Gravity acts everywhere in the universe. Inertia is the force that keeps the planets moving.

Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos Pluto is a dwarf planet

Inner/ Terrestrial Planets Mercury: closest to sun, no moon Mercury: closest to sun, no moon Venus: 2 nd planet, Greenhouse Effect makes it the hottest planet (on average), Earth’s twin, no moon Venus: 2 nd planet, Greenhouse Effect makes it the hottest planet (on average), Earth’s twin, no moon Earth: only inhabited planet, has water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen to support life, has 1 moon Earth: only inhabited planet, has water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen to support life, has 1 moon Mars: red planet, from iron in soil, no moon Mars: red planet, from iron in soil, no moon

Gaseous/Jovian Planets Jupiter: Largest planet, great red spot, has moons & rings Jupiter: Largest planet, great red spot, has moons & rings Saturn: Detailed ring system, has moons Saturn: Detailed ring system, has moons Uranus: Laying on its side, has moons & rings Uranus: Laying on its side, has moons & rings Neptune: Great dark spot, blue, has moons & rings Neptune: Great dark spot, blue, has moons & rings

Pluto Q9ORY Q9ORY Q9ORY Q9ORY Watch & explain why Pluto is a dwarf planet Watch & explain why Pluto is a dwarf planet

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1.Why is the temperature decreasing as you go further from the sun? 2.Why does the orbital velocity (rotation on axis) decrease? 3.What would data for revolution time show?

Sun Our Sun is a medium sized star that is in the center of the solar system. Our Sun is a medium sized star that is in the center of the solar system. It is the closest star in our Galaxy (Milky Way) It is the closest star in our Galaxy (Milky Way) The seasons are caused by the relationship of the tilt of the Earth’s axis (23.5 degrees) to its position around the Sun. The seasons are caused by the relationship of the tilt of the Earth’s axis (23.5 degrees) to its position around the Sun. The sun creates light & heat through FUSION, Hydrogen fuses into Helium The sun creates light & heat through FUSION, Hydrogen fuses into Helium

Our sun is a low mass medium sized star, it will eventually turn into a red giant and end it’s “life” in the black dwarf stage

Moon The moon appears to go through phases because of a person’s perspective from the Earth as the moon revolves. One side is always lit, but we can only see part of it depending on its position. The moon appears to go through phases because of a person’s perspective from the Earth as the moon revolves. One side is always lit, but we can only see part of it depending on its position. The phases of the moon are, new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. The phases of the moon are, new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.

Moon Phase Video

Moon Phases Draw & label exactly like diagram

Moon Phases… time lapse

Tides The gravitational pull of the moon attracts the molecules of water and soil that compose the Earth. The gravitational pull of the moon attracts the molecules of water and soil that compose the Earth. There are two high tides and two low tides in each 24- hour cycle. There are two high tides and two low tides in each 24- hour cycle. A neap tide occurs when the moon is perpendicular from the sun. The lowest of the tides. A neap tide occurs when the moon is perpendicular from the sun. The lowest of the tides. A spring tide occurs when the moon is in line with the sun. The highest of the tides. A spring tide occurs when the moon is in line with the sun. The highest of the tides.

Neap or Spring Tide??? How do you know?

Spring & Neap Tides

Tide Video

Solar Eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the sun and the earth, casting a shadow on the earth.

Lunar Eclipse A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the sun and the moon, blocking the sunlight from the moon.

Eclipses

Astronomers John Glen was the first American astronaut to circle the earth. Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon. John Glen was the first American astronaut to circle the earth. Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon. The International Space Station is a joint effort to create living quarters in space. The International Space Station is a joint effort to create living quarters in space. The ideas of Ptolemy (Geocentric), Aristotle (Geocentric) The ideas of Ptolemy (Geocentric), Aristotle (Geocentric) Copernicus (Heliocentric), and Galileo (Heliocentric) contributed to the development of our understanding of the solar system. Copernicus (Heliocentric), and Galileo (Heliocentric) contributed to the development of our understanding of the solar system. Kepler: planets move in ellipses Kepler: planets move in ellipses Newton: Inertia & Gravity keep planes in motion Newton: Inertia & Gravity keep planes in motion

1.Ptolemy: Geocentric Model, Earth at center of universe 2.Aristotle: believed in a geocentric Universe and that the planets and stars were perfect spheres though Earth itself was not 3.Copernicus: Heliocentric Model, sun at center of solar system & earth rotates on its axis 4.Galileo: also believed Heliocentric model, devised a telescope that could enlarge objects up to 20 times. He was able to use this telescope to prove the truth of the Copernican system of heliocentrism 5.Kepler: planets move in ellipses 6.Newton: Inertia & Gravity keep planes in motion Astronomers

1.The shape of a planets revolution is an ___________ 2.The farther away from the sun, the less _________________ pull on the planet

Why is there a change in the force of gravity throughout the year?

Space Technology How does space technology impact your life??? How does space technology impact your life??? efits.html efits.html

Space Probes

Space Objects Asteroids: objects orbiting the sun that are too small to be considered planets, belt found between Mars and Jupiter Asteroids: objects orbiting the sun that are too small to be considered planets, belt found between Mars and Jupiter Comets: ball of ice and dust, orbits the sun, tail always faces away from the sun Comets: ball of ice and dust, orbits the sun, tail always faces away from the sun

Meteors: streak of light in the sky as a meteoroid burns up in atmosphere of Earth Meteorites: Meteor that hits earth’s surface Meteoroids: Meteor that orbits the sun

The Universe

Facts you should be able to recall: Our Sun is a medium sized star that is the center of the solar system. Our Sun is a medium sized star that is the center of the solar system. The seasons are caused by the relationship of the tilt of the Earth’s axis to its position around the Sun. The seasons are caused by the relationship of the tilt of the Earth’s axis to its position around the Sun. The moon appears to go through phases because of a person’s perspective from the Earth as the moon revolves. One side is always lit, but we can only see part of it depending on its position. The moon appears to go through phases because of a person’s perspective from the Earth as the moon revolves. One side is always lit, but we can only see part of it depending on its position. The phases of the moon are, new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. The phases of the moon are, new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. The period of revolution is when an object travels around another. For a planet, one revolution is one year. The period of revolution is when an object travels around another. For a planet, one revolution is one year. The period of rotation is one spin on an axis. For a planet one rotation is one day. The period of rotation is one spin on an axis. For a planet one rotation is one day. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and the sun, casting a shadow on the earth. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and the sun, casting a shadow on the earth. A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the moon and the sun, blocking the sunlight from the moon. A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the moon and the sun, blocking the sunlight from the moon. A neap tide occurs when the moon is perpendicular from the sun. The lowest of the tides. A neap tide occurs when the moon is perpendicular from the sun. The lowest of the tides. A spring tide occurs when the moon is in line with the sun. The highest of the tides. A spring tide occurs when the moon is in line with the sun. The highest of the tides. There are approximately two high tides and two low tides in each 24- hour cycle. There are approximately two high tides and two low tides in each 24- hour cycle. The gravitational pull of the moon attracts the molecules of water and soil that compose the Earth. The gravitational pull of the moon attracts the molecules of water and soil that compose the Earth. The first 4 planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the Earth. These are the inner rocky planets. The first 4 planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the Earth. These are the inner rocky planets. The six remaining planets, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are the outer gaseous planets. The six remaining planets, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are the outer gaseous planets. John Glen was the first astronaut to circle the earth. John Glen was the first astronaut to circle the earth. Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon. Buzz Aldrin was 2 nd to walk on moon Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon. Buzz Aldrin was 2 nd to walk on moon The space station is a joint effort to create living quarters in space. The space station is a joint effort to create living quarters in space.