History of the Modern World Class Notes and Assignments The Enlightenment Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111 Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111

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Culture is Destiny 1.What is the term that describes the medieval view of the universe – an ordered, hierarchical arrangement of everything? 2.Why did Europeans in 1500 not value “opportunity?” Why did they not seek to “better” themselves? 3.What 2 related attitudes/habits reinforced this orderly hierarchy? Describe 2 challenges to this hierarchy experienced during the late Middle Ages and Early Modern period?

Scientific Revolution Sparks the Enlightenment In the wake of the Scientific Revolution came the Enlightenment. This was an era in which people used reason to try to understand more about human behavior and solve the problems of society 1 of 7 Witness History Audio: Rousseau Stirs Things Up Hobbes and Locke Have Conflicting Views English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both wrote about society and the ideal form of governing it. Hobbes thought people needed strict control to rein in their naturally brutish tendencies. Locke thought people were moral at heart and were entitled to certain natural rights, which governments were obliged to protect. The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 1: Philosophy in the Age of Reason, pp Diderot: Pens to Inspire Revolution

New Economic Thinking Economists also applied reason to their study of economics during the Enlightenment. Adam Smith and a group of French thinkers called physiocrats urged economies that operated with little government control. 3 of 7 The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 1: Philosophy in the Age of Reason, pp Color Transparency 102: Law of Supply and Demand QuickTake Section Quiz (not available outside of class) Progress Monitoring Transparency

The Philosophes 2 of 7 A group of French philosophers who wrote about government, law, and society were known as the philosophes. Baron de Montesquieu believed in employing three branches of government that could balance each other’s powers. Voltaire fought the slave trade and religious prejudice with his witty writings. Denis Diderot collected Enlightenment articles in an Encyclopedia that helped to spread ideas throughout Europe and the Americas. Jean-Jacques Rousseau thought people were basically good and should be much freer from governmental controls. During the Enlightenment, some women stood up for their inclusion in the new societies that were being imagined. Color Transparency 101: Enlightenment Ideas About Government Note Taking Transparency 120 The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 1: Philosophy in the Age of Reason, pp

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5 of 7 Can you identify these men?

Law of Supply and Demand 6 of 7

Practice Your Critical Thinking Skills 7 of 7

Encyclopédie Making cannons

Encyclopédie: Printing a newspaper

New Ideas Challenge Society While churches and monarchies tried to stop the flow of Enlightenment ideas through censorship, Enlightenment thinkers found new ways of spreading their ideas, such as through novels and salons. 1 of 6 Witness History Audio: Mozart, the Musical Genius Arts and Literature Reflect New Ideas The Enlightenment saw the birth of new styles in art, music, and literature. Painters embraced the lighter and more informal rococo style; composers, too, moved away from the baroque and into rococo and classical music. This was evidenced in the works of Handel, Haydn, and Mozart. In literature, the novel was king as audiences devoured long stories about their own times. Witness History Audio: Rococo Reaction Note Taking Transparency 121A The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 2: Enlightenment Ideas Spread, pp

Enlightened Despots Embrace New Ideas Some absolute rulers of the time adopted limited reforms inspired by Enlightenment ideas. For instance Frederick II of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Joseph II of Austria all showed religious tolerance. Still the monarchs were not willing to share their power. 2 of 6 Note Taking Transparency 121B Geography Interactive: Enlightened Rules of the Eighteenth Century (not available outside of class) The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 2: Enlightenment Ideas Spread, pp

Lives of the Majority Change Slowly It wasn’t until the late 1700s that Enlightenment ideas spread through Europe’s peasant classes. In time, these ideas, in combination with war and economic troubles, would bring the masses to revolt. 3 of 6 The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 2: Enlightenment Ideas Spread, pp Witness History Audio: Milan’s La Scala QuickTake Section Quiz (not available outside of class) Progress Monitoring Transparency The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 2: Enlightenment Ideas Spread, pp

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution: Section 2 4 of 6

The Salon: 18 th Century “Cool” People “Party.” Chez Mme de Geoffrin

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6 of 6 Practice Your Critical Thinking Skills

Assignment 1 1.Read Thumbnail Reviews (Renaissance/Absolutism) 2.Complete Modern Political Map of Europe (text, pp 1140) Number each country Create a numbered key on a separate sheet of paper Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13 Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13

Assignment 2 1.Complete in-class activity as necessary: text, pp 549 and answer Thinking Critically questions. 2.Read pp , answer questions at end of 3 captions, 2 Checkpoint questions and write identifications of blue-bold terms. 3.Answer briefly question, #3, pp Study notes (3) provided on PP Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13 Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13

Assignment 3 1.Read pp , answer questions at end of 3 captions, 2 Checkpoint questions and write identifications of blue-bold terms. 2.Study notes provided on PP 3.Take practice quiz Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13 Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13

Assignment 4 1.Read pp. 550-top of 553, answer questions at end of 1 caption, 2 Checkpoint questions and write identifications of blue-bold terms. 2.Study Infographic and answer questions Thinking Critically, pp 553 as well as question #4, pp Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13 Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13

Assignment 5 1.Read pp , answer 2 Checkpoint questions and write identifications of blue-bold terms. 2.Complete Map Skills activity, pp 554 as well as Thinking Critically, pp Study notes (2) provided on PP 4.Take practice quiz Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13 Reminders: Unit 17 Exam: Thurs. Sept. 13