Slide 1 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Read articles on African-American English and Chicano English at:

Slide 2 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  African American Vernacular English (AAVE) features  See website for examples:  See this website for another list of features:  Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed.

Slide 3 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  African American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp ) Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed.

Slide 4 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  African American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp ) Info from Wolfram, Walt African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell

Slide 5 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  African American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp ) Info from Wolfram, Walt African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell

Slide 6 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  African American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp ) Info from Wolfram, Walt African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell

Slide 7 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  African American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp ) Info from Wolfram, Walt African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell

Slide 8 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  African American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp ) Info from Wolfram, Walt African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell

Slide 9 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  From O'Grady, W., Archibald, J., Aronoff, M., Rees-Miller, J. (2009). Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction (6 th edition).

Slide 10 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  From O'Grady, W., Archibald, J., Aronoff, M., Rees-Miller, J. (2009). Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction (6 th edition).

Slide 11 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  AAVE - shares many features with Standard American English (SAE) and even more with White southern speech  Sometimes the differences are in frequency or environment - t/d deletion is not UNIQUE to AAVE, but where it applies is (delete even if next work begins with vowel)  Not all AAVE speakers are African-American and not all African- Americans speak AAVE Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed.

Slide 12 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  Origins of AAVE debate  Anglicist argument - says that AAVE is based on other dialects of English and has features found in all dialects of English  Creolist hypothesis - says that AAVE has as its origins a creole from the need to communicate among the slaves of diff lang background in the southern plantations - AAVE is decreolizing and becoming more like English as time goes on - many features of AAVE common to creoles  Very heated debate - slave narratives we saw on Do You Speak American indicate that AAVE of older speakers is closer to standard English, suggesting that AAVE is becoming LESS like English today (diverging) which doesn’t work well with decreolization hypothesis  Watch clips from Wolfram’s DVD about North Carolina Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed.

Slide 13 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  Origins of AAVE debate  Divergence - differences in AAVE due to divergence from Standard English  Convergence - AAVE once a creole is converging and becoming more like Standard English so that it now looks like a variety of English rather than a creole Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed.

Slide 14 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  Bernstein - restricted code versus elaborated code - tried to explain why lower working class students did so poorly in school (no access at home to elaborated code which is code of education)  Problems: makes the restricted code deficient (deficit model) Ch 14 - Disadvantage

Slide 15 LING – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14  Ebonics - Oakland school board decision - basically, tried to call AAVE a different language to access ESL funds for AA students.  See Ling Society of America resolution  John Rickford’s opinion:   Many have tried (including Labov) to use linguistic knowledge of AAVE to help bridge the student gap to standard English but haven’t been successful - talk about Do You Speak American jeopardy game Ch 14 - Disadvantage