Yr 11 Photography

Overview Choose negative Setup –Place negative in film holder –Select photo paper grain & size Use enlarger to expose Develop photo Clean up and rinse trays

setup Can be done in full light Place selected negative in film holder – use canned air to remove lint Place film holder in enlarger carrier slot Set aperture – turn to full light and then turn back 2 or 3 clicks Focus enlarger – look for grain of film – can use a focus tool on photo paper Set enlarger easel to give white border Turn off enlarger (or use filter over light)

Enlarge photo Under safe light Select paper size and grain Make sure all other photo paper is in the box away from light Place paper on paper easel emulsion side up Press timer to expose film for time determined by test strip.

Developing photo – same as for test strip Chemicals – Developer (120 mls rodinal : 1080 mls 20°) – Stop bath 20°) – Fixing agent (120 mls fixer : 1080 mls 20°) – Hypo clearing agent (wash – 20°) Follow the same process as for developing negatives – Developer – 2 mins – gently agitate – Stop bath – 1 min – gently agitate – Fixer – 2 mins – gently agitate – Wash – as long as you possibly can under running water

Safety precautions Avoid contact with skin and eyes Wash hands after using chemicals Use tongs to transfer photos between trays Use red safe light Light indicator outside darkroom Don’t eat or drink in darkroom

Advanced techniques Cropping - Enlarge only part of the negative – use more exposure time than for whole negative The Zone System (developed by Ansel Adams) – “Expose for the shadows, develop for the highlights” Push processing – increase film ISO for low light – reduces detail in shadows Dodging and Burning – using rapidly moving tools to block or increase light exposure to small areas of a print during enlargement

The Zone System Image has grey-scales – Zone 0 is blackest, Zone 10 is lightest No film can show detail in all 10 zones in a single image Bring high contrast scenes into manageable range or increase contrast of low-contrast scenes to add life Shadow areas primarily affected by film exposure Contrast – increased by lengthening development time, reduced by shortening development time Changes in development affect highlight areas of photo (not shadows)