2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions American Government: Roots and Reform, 10th edition Karen OConnor and Larry J. Sabato Pearson.
Advertisements

VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 13 O’Connor and Sabato
Magruder Chapter Seven
October 7, 2010 Who decides who runs for political office Would you ever run for office? What are different ways you can participate in politics?
AP US GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
1. In which of the following scenarios would a presidential veto most likely be upheld? A D C B.
Elections and Voting.
Poli 103A California Politics Parties and Redistricting.
Whose house? “House” work Commit- tees What they do Leaders & groups ElectionMis-cell- any AP Government Jeopardy – Congress.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
Who votes How they vote Choosing a candidate Choosing a president Election regu- lations Yep, more election stuff Mis-cell- any
Chapter Nine Nominations, Elections, and Campaigns.
Electoral College Compromise solution at Constitutional Convention
Name- Representing Paid for by Support Independent Maps. A copy of our report filed with the State Board of Elections is (or will be) available on the.
CHAPTER 14 The Campaign Process. Nomination Process Once a candidate declares his/her intention to run their focus is on winning the nomination of their.
Campaigns, Voting and Elections Chapter 14
Vocabulary Words And Definitions.   Elections held in order to pick candidates running for election. Primaries.
Chapter 13 Part One Choosing the Congress Instructor: Kevin Sexton Course: U.S. Political Systems Southeast Missouri State University.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
8 Campaigns and Elections Democracy in Action.
Congressional Elections
Elections in Oregon Produced by the League of Women Voters® of Oregon Education Fund.
The Election Process Pathway to the Presidency Nomination (primary season) and election (general election); two separate steps, two strategies.
Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Chapter 8 Elections American Government: Policy & Politics, Eighth Edition TANNAHILL.
Nominations and Campaigns
 Primary Elections: › Election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election.  Closed.
Chapter 10.2 Election Campaigns.
VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 12 O’Connor and Sabato
What is the Role of the State Legislature? 1)How are state legislatures organized? 2)What powers do state legislatures have? 3)How can citizens influence.
Chapter 9 Campaigns and Elections Nominating Candidates Election Campaigns Money and Politics Electing the Candidates Campaign Finance Reform.
Civics Review. The Supreme Court decision referred to by the phrase “one person, one vote” made our state governments fairer by…
Congressional Elections. Constitution Senators –Up for election every 6 years –Originally selected by state legislatures –17 th Amendment, 1913: Direct.
© 2010 Pearson Education Chapter 9 Campaigns & Elections.
ELECTIONS IN OREGON Produced by the League of Women Voters® of Oregon Education Fund.
Chapter 26 Political Parties, Interest Groups, Elections and Campaigns in Texas Pearson Education, Inc. © 2008 American Government 9th Edition to accompany.
THE NEW RULES OF THE POLITICAL GAME IN CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER 8 Elections & Campaigns. Running for Federal Office Over 90% re-election rate in the House and Senate. Over 90% re-election rate in the House.
The Nominating Process
Chapter 10 Page 252. Vocabulary political party is a group of citizens with similar views on public issues that work together. nominate means to select.
House of Representatives
Chapter 5, Sections Section 1 – Congressional Membership
State Legislatures WHO ARE STATE LEGISLATORS?. State Legislators State legislators make most of the laws that affect your day-to-day life. Many state.
Chapter 10 Campaigns, Nominations, & Elections. Why Do People Run for Office? There are two categories of people who run for office: self-starters and.
Elections and Voting. Types of Elections Primary elections – voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent a party’s ticket in the.
STANDARD(S) ADDRESSED: 12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government. CH10-2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/
Congresspersons, Elections, and Congressional Apportionment.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman.
 Candidate: an individual running for political office  Nomination: Naming those who will seek office.
Elections Chapter 10. Nomination The Delegate Game States get delegates to a party’s national convention based on population and voting history – Caucus.
Civics & Economics Goal 4 - Political Parties Election Campaigns (10.2)
Campaigns & Elections. Voting Voting is both a right and a responsibility. Voting is also called suffrage or enfranchisement. Qualifications for voting:
Forms of Political Participation Lobbying is the strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct.
ROUND 2 ELECTIONS. GOAL OF THE TWO MAIN POLITICAL PARTIES IN AMERICA Capture the middle 80% Attract as many voters as possible by not becoming too extreme.
Chapter 24 Texas Elections American and Texas Government: Policy and Politics, 10/e Neal Tannahill.
Chapter 13: Elections and Voting Electing the President
Forms of Political Participation
US Government and Politics
Elections in the United States
The US Congress Chapters 10: Sections 1 & 2.
Get ready for a reading quiz of fun!
Election Districts and Redistricting
Elections Chapter 7.
Redistricting Voting Areas
NOMINATIONS, CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS
Election Districts and Redistricting
Chapter 12 Voting and Elections
Voting, Elections, Campaigns and Media
Quiz Tomorrow Take handout from front table !
Elections and Running for
Presentation transcript:

2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

1) The advantages and disadvantages of the long ballot 2) The various types of elections held in Texas 3) The factors affecting the redistricting process in Texas 4) The factors affecting election campaigns in Texas 5) How each of the following factors affects voter choice: incumbency, political party identification, campaigns, retrospective and prospective voting, and national factors 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

Texas Wins Big – 2010 Census Gained four seats in the U.S. House of Representatives From 32 to 36 (of 435) Reapportionment: Reallocation of House seats among the states Redistricting: Redrawing the boundaries of legislative districts If one political party controls the redistricting process, it can maximize the likelihood of its candidates’ success, while minimizing the prospects of the other party’s candidates. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Case Study

Texas has the long ballot, which is an election system that provides for the election of nearly every public official. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Long Ballot The ballot is especially long in the state’s urban counties. Example: In 2010, Harris County voters faced a ballot with more than 80 contested races. The long ballot is controversial; it is defended as well as criticized.

Is the ballot too long for Texas voters to be able to make informed choices? 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc What Do You Think?

General Election: A statewide election to fill national and state offices 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Types of Elections Held – the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of even- numbered years Won by the candidate with the most votes (plurality); there is no runoff election State law allows split-ticket voting or straight-ticket voting. Split-Ticket Voting – Voters cast ballots for candidates of two or more political parties for different offices during the same election. Straight-Ticket Voting – Voters cast ballots for the candidates of only one party.

2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

Primary Election: Intraparty election at which a party’s candidates for the general election are chosen 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Types of Elections Closed Primary – Limits primary election participation to registered party members Open Primary – Allows voters to pick the party primary of their choice without disclosing party affiliation In Texas, primary elections normally take place on the first Tuesday in March of even-numbered years. Figure 7.1 compares Democratic and Republican primary election turnout in statewide (nonpresidential) election years from 1978 to 2010.

2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

Presidential Delegate Selection Process – Selecting delegates to attend the national conventions to choose the party’s presidential candidate Varies from state to state 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Types of Elections Presidential Preference Primary Party voters cast ballots for the presidential candidate they favor and help determine the number of convention delegates that candidate will receive Caucus Method – Party voters participate in a series of precinct, district, county, and/or state convention political meetings.

Presidential Delegate Selection Process in Texas 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Types of Elections Republican Party – Selects national convention delegates through a presidential preference primary election Democratic Party – Combines the presidential preference primary and caucus methods (Texas Two-Step) The Texas legislature has periodically tinkered with the timing of the spring primary Attempting (with little success) to increase Texas’ influence in the presidential selection process

Local Elections – Elections for city, school district, and special district officials Must be held on the second Saturday in May or the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Types of Elections Usually held in odd-numbered years to avoid coinciding with general elections for president, senators, and governor Most local elections are nonpartisan elections – Candidates’ names appear on the ballot but not their party affiliations

Special Election – An election called at a time outside the normal election calendar 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Types of Elections Purpose Special elections may be used to approve local bond issues or to fill unexpected vacancies in the state legislature or in the state’s congressional delegation Majority Vote Special elections are nonpartisan, and a candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to win

Noncandidate Elections 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Types of Elections Bond Election – An election to obtain voter approval for a local government going into debt Initiative – Citizens can propose legislation by gathering a certain number of signatures on a petition. Referendum – Citizens can oppose existing legislation by gathering a certain number of signatures on a petition. Recall – Allows voters to remove elected officials from office before the expiration of their terms Many Texas cities (but not the state government) provide for initiative, referendum, and recall.

Does Texas have too many elections? 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc What Do You Think?

Election Districts – Texas voters select public officials in a combination of at-large and district elections. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Election Districts and Redistricting At-Large Elections Every citizen of a political subdivision, such as a state or county, votes to select public officials District Elections A political subdivision, such as a state or county, is divided into districts and each district elects one official

Redistricting – Every ten years after the national census, election districts must be redrawn to adjust for changes in population. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Election Districts and Redistricting Redistricting applies to: Texas House districts Texas Senate districts U.S. congressional districts State Board of Education districts Districts of local governing bodies

2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

Judicial ruling that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires that legislative districts be apportioned on the basis of population 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc One Person One Vote Population Shifts – The failure of legislatures in a number of states, including Texas, to redistrict, despite dramatic population shifts, led to a series of cases in which the Supreme Court established the doctrine of one person, one vote. Significant impact on policymaking in Texas – Redistricting caused urban areas to gain in representation and rural areas to lose ground.

Federal law designed to protect the voting rights of racial and ethnic minorities 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Voting Rights Act Illegal for state and local governments to enact and enforce election rules and procedures that diminish minority voting power Preclearance: state and local governments in areas with a history of voting discrimination must submit redistricting plans to the U.S. Department of Justice for approval Mid-1990s: The Supreme Court ruled that maximizing the number of minority districts was not a sufficient reason to justify race-based redistricting.

Redistricting is a highly political process. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Politics of Redistricting Gerrymandering – Legislative districts drawn to give advantage to one political party over another, or one candidate over another After the 2000 census, the political landscape was considerably different, and neither party controlled the redistricting process. Redistricting in Texas thereafter became a highly charged and contentious political process.

Legislative Responsibility – the 2001 session ended without passage of redistricting plans for either of the two houses of the state legislature or Congress. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Politics of Redistricting Legislative Redistricting Board (LRB) Failure of the legislature and governor placed the responsibility for drawing new district lines on the LRB New LRB Redistricting Plan – Officially adopted, with some modifications imposed by a federal court, in 2002

2002 Election – Republicans captured a majority in the Texas House for the first time in more than a century and kept their majority in the Texas Senate. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Politics of Redistricting Congressional Delegation – Republicans failed to capture a majority in the state’s congressional delegation, prompting a revisiting of the issue of redistricting – Congressman Tom DeLay proposed a congressional redistricting plan that could increase the number of Republicans in Congress and lead to a Republican majority

DeLay’s 2003 proposal was highly controversial and bitterly opposed – Democrats fled to Ardmore, Oklahoma, to prevent a quorum and to prevent the plan from passing the House. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Politics of Redistricting Special Legislative Session – Governor Perry called a 30-day special session to consider congressional redistricting. Failed when 11 Senate Democrats refused to debate the bill In the second special session 11 Senate Democrats fled to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to prevent a quorum. After three special sessions, a new redistricting plan was approved elections – Republicans gained six seats

2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

Supreme Court Consideration – In late 2005, the Court agreed to hear a legal challenge to the midcycle redistricting. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Politics of Redistricting Legal Issues – Violation of VRA Constitutionality of midcycle redistricting Violation of the one-person, one-vote doctrine Unconstitutional gerrymandering The Supreme Court upheld the basic redistricting plan, but ruled that District 23 violated the VRA, requiring the boundaries of that district to be redrawn.

Critics argue that the modern redistricting process has the following flaws 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Reforming the Redistricting Process Quality of Democracy – undermines the quality of U.S. democracy Competitive Elections – produces legislative districts that are safe for one party, depriving voters of the opportunity to participate in competitive elections Political Extremes – produces legislators who represent the extremes of the political spectrum

The Role of Money 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Election Campaigns 2010: Campaigns for governor, other statewide executive offices, and the legislature cost nearly $235 million Governor Perry spent $39 million winning reelection, more money than any other candidate. The largest single item in the big-time campaign budget is media, especially television. A week’s worth of television advertising that covers all of the state’s major markets costs around $1.5 million.

Sources of Campaign Money 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Election Campaigns Campaign money comes from a relatively small number of contributors. Individuals and Political Action Committees 2008: Most of the money came from individuals and political action committees (PACs; organizations created to raise and distribute money in political campaigns). Campaign contributions and campaign expenditures are unlimited for candidates for executive or legislative office. Limits on judicial races are voluntary.

Electoral Success and Money 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Election Campaigns Money is indispensable to major campaign efforts. In general, candidates who spend the most money get the most votes. Money does not always guarantee victory. 2010: Businessman Farouk Shami spent over 9 million dollars of his own money trying to win the Democratic nomination for governor. He received less than 13 percent of the vote.

Campaign Organization and Strategy 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Election Campaigns Requirements of a successful political campaign: Professional campaign organization Money Name recognition for the candidate Favorable impression for the candidate Unfavorable impressions of the their opponents Supporters going to the polls

2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

Political scientists identify a number of factors influencing voter choice. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Voters Decide Past Performance and Future Expectations – Citizens make voting decisions based on their evaluations of the past and expectations for the future. Retrospective Voting – Based on the perception of an incumbent’s past performance in office, or the performance of the incumbent party Prospective Voting – Evaluating the incumbent officeholder and the incumbent’s party based on expectations of future developments

2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc