Munday copyright Bound for Glory: An Environmental History of Anacaonda, Montana Pat Munday, PhD

Munday copyright The ACM, Superfund, Next Stop? Anaconda within national context Landscape as social construction Problems and opportunities Landscape is the story we tell ourselves about who we are.

Munday copyright Marcosson (1957)

Munday copyright Marcus Daly ( ) The Alice Mine (1876) Demand for copper The ACM Butte “smoke wars” Marcosson (1957)

Munday copyright Anaconda, 1884 Kelly (1983)

Munday copyright ACM: Vertical Integration Mt Hist Soc Shay Petritz

Munday copyright Anaconda, 1887 MT RR History

Munday copyright Morris (1997) Montana Hotel c. 1900

Munday copyright Anaconda Brewery BeerHistory.com

Munday copyright Courthouse c Morris (1997)

Munday copyright Morris (1997) Daly’s Racetrack

Munday copyright Kelly (1983) Daly’s Tammany c. 1895

Munday copyright The Changing Landscape, Main Street looking south 1900 Mt RR Hist 1909 Mt RR Hist

Munday copyright U Washington Library The Melting Pot Myth

Munday copyright Smoke Wars Anaconda Standard, 1911 MacMillan (2000) Washoe Reduction Works, 1903 MacMillan (2000)

Munday copyright Kelly (1983) The Big Stack and the bigger stack, 1918

Munday copyright BA&P, Durant Canyon c Mutschler (2002)

Munday copyright Morris (1997) Smelter Hill Commuter c. 1906

Munday copyright Mutschler (2002) BA&P c. 1915

Munday copyright Durant Station c Mutschler (2002)

Munday copyright Pouring Anodes, 1942 Murphy (2003)

Munday copyright Smelterwomen, 1944 Mercier (2001)

Munday copyright The Changing Landscape, Main Street looking south 1909 Mt RR Hist 1950s Mt RR Hist

Munday copyright Montana NRDP The End of an Era

Munday copyright Finn (1998) War in Europe (Peaked at 150,000 tons in 1916)

Munday copyright The Superfund Era CERCLA (EPA) CECRA (Mt NRDP) Anaconda Smelter-Community Soils (1983  ) Stream Side Tailings (1983  1995) Clark Fork River (1985  2004) Natural Resource Damage suit filed (1983) Partial settlement (1998)

Munday copyright Mt NRDP Silver Bow Creek – Tailings Removal

28 Questionable Arsenic Levels Anaconda = 500 mg/kg Lingering concerns re: attic & wall dust Bi-Mart fiasco with “brownfield” Social Justice issues? Frequency Cleanup Levels (mg/kg) Davis et al (2001) X

Munday copyright Old Works Golf Course EPA

Munday copyright Natural Resource Damage Program

Munday copyright NRD Program

Munday copyright Mt NRDP Anaconda Uplands Injury

Munday copyright Mt NRDP Watershed Land Acquisition

Munday copyright Next Stop? Ecological restoration as social reconstruction Sustainable use of natural resources Recreational amenities Good schools Pleasant towns

35 Recreational Amenities Hans Will Dick Wright

Munday copyright Discovery Ski Area

37 Library of Congress

Munday copyright Questions? I. The ACM Era ACM overview Town of Anaconda Changing landscape BA&P Wartime The end of an era II. The Superfund Era CERCLA (EPA) CECRA (Mt NRDP) III. Next Stop?

Munday copyright Print Sources Davis, Andy et al. “Policy Analysis: An Analysis of Soil Arsenic Records of Decision” Environmental Science & Technology 35 (2001): Finn, Janet L. Tracing the Veins (University of California Press, 1998). Kelly, Matt. Anaconda: Montana’s Copper City (Butte, Montana: Soroptimist Club of Anaconda/Artcraft Printing, 1983). MacMillan, Donald. Smoke Wars: Anaconda Copper, Montana Air Pollution, and the Courts, (Helena, MT: Montana Historical Press). Marcosson, Isaac F. Anaconda (NY: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1957). Mercier, Laura. Anaconda: Labor, Community, and Culture in Montana’s Smelter City (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2001). Mitchell, Don. “Writing the Western: New Western History’s Encounter with Landscape.” Ecumene 5 (1998): Morris, Patrick F. Anaconda, Montana: Copper Smelting Boom Town on the Western Frontier (Bethesda, MD: Swann Publishing, 1997). Munday, Pat. Montana’s Last Best River: The Big Hole and its People (Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2001). Murphy, Mary. Hope in Hard Times (Helena, MT: Montana Historical Press, 2003). Mutschler, Charles V. Wired for Success: The Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway, (Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 2002).