1. pmunday copyright 20071 “ Clark Fork Revival: Remedy & Restoration at America’s largest Superfund site ” Pat Munday, PhD pmunday@mtech.edu pmunday@mtech.edu Professor of Science & Technology Studies Technical Communication Department

2. pmunday copyright 20072 Superfund Criticism

3. pmunday copyright 20073

4. 4 Marcosson (1957)

5. pmunday copyright 20075 Historic Postcard

6. pmunday copyright 20076 Montana NRDP

7. pmunday copyright 20077 The Superfund Era CERCLA (EPA)—from listing to remedy CECRA (Mt NRDP) restoration Anaconda Smelter-Community Soils (1983  1987-98) Stream Side Tailings (1983  1995) Clark Fork River (1985  2004) Natural Resource Damage suit filed (1983) Partial settlement (1999) Final settlement (2008)

8. pmunday copyright 20078 Montana NRDP Silver Bow Creek

9. pmunday copyright 20079 Montana NRDP Silver Bow Creek

10. pmunday copyright 200710 Silver Bow Creek

11. pmunday copyright 200711 Current Challenges Implement remedy –Butte Priority Soils –Butte Area One Integrate restoration with remedy –NRDP: $28 million for Butte Area One

12. pmunday copyright 200712 Butte Hill

13. pmunday copyright 200713 Butte Area One

14. pmunday copyright 200714 A Crucial Decision (possibilities framed by NRDP) –Remove Parrot Tailings ($20.2 m) –Remove LAO/Metro Storm Drain Tailings ($5.4 m) –Cap additional mine waste sites ($3.9 m) –Basin Creek Reservoir water treatment plant ($15.8 m) –Big Hole Pump Station diversion dam ($1.6 m) –Big Hole pipeline ($29 m)

15. pmunday copyright 200715 Questions? Superfund Criticism Upper Clark Fork River Basin: America’s Largest Superfund Site Berkeley Pit Anaconda Smelter Silver Bow Creek SBCr Remedy/Restoration: Superfund Success Current Challenges: Butte Soils; Area One Crucial Decision: What to do with $28 mill?

16. pmunday copyright 200716 Selected Sources Cross & Szostak (1995). Technology & American Society. Davis et al. (2001). “Policy Analysis: An Analysis of Soil Arsenic Records of Decision” Environmental Science & Technology 35: 2401-2407. Finn (1998). Tracing the Veins: Of Copper, Culture, and Community from Butte to Chuquicamata. MacMillan (2000). Smoke Wars: Anaconda Copper, Montana Air Pollution, and the Courts, 1890-1924. Marcosson (1957). Anaconda. Malone, Roeder, and King (1976). Montana: A History of Two Centuries. Marcus & Segal (1989). Technology in America. Marx (1964). The Machine in the Garden. Mitchell 1998). “Writing the Western: New Western History’s Encounter with Landscape.” Ecumene 5: 7-29. Mercier 2001). Anaconda: Labor, Community, and Culture in Montana’s Smelter City. Murphy (1997). Mining Cultures: Men, Women, and Leisure in Butte. Murphy (2003). Hope in Hard Times: New Deal Photographs of Montana, 1936-1942. Mutschler 2002). Wired for Success: The Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway, 1892-1985. Pursell (1995). The Machine in America: A Social History of Technology. Smith & Marx, eds (1994). Does Technology Drive History? White (1995). The Organic Machine: The Remaking of the Columbia River.