Chapter 4 Empire in Transition
SALUTARY NEGLECT SALUTARY NEGLECT
George I
Robert Walpole
Navigation Acts: Laws that control trade and restrict manufacturing in the Colonies
Most government officials in England had never been to America How do you make informed decisions?
Colonial Agents Men who represent a colony and try to influence MPs
The colonial agent for New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Georgia:
Royal officers in America: Some good Some get job thru bribes or family connections Substitutes hired to go in place of appointee
By 1750 Colonial Assemblies see themselves as mini- Parliaments Claim power to tax and pass laws
Power of the Purse
Albany Plan: Parliament sets up a government to oversee the colonies and handle common issues such as Indian relations Colonies keep internal power
Who’s idea? Ben Franklin
Iroquois Mohawk Seneca Cayuga Onondaga Oneida
European Wars: King William’s War Queen Anne’s War King George’s War
FORT DUQUESNE
Governor Robert Dinwiddie
Col. George Washington
Fort Necessity
Start of: French & Indian War Which turns into Seven Years War
British & Americans have to fight together, but can’t get along British think colonist are, “lowest dregs of humanity” Colonist think British officers are too aristocratic and refuse to drill like British Regulars
Colonist do not fight in classic European style British call it irregular war or American way of war
3 Phases of the war 1.Local war in Ohio Valley 2.War goes to Europe 3.England wins
Phase 1- Local War England sends new general to defeat French Edward Braddock
Edward Braddock
French Indian War
Phase 2 War spreads to Europe, England suffers several defeats Select a new head of government
William Pitt
Phase 3-England Kicks Butt Fort Duquesne falls Quebec – Wolfe Montreal
Wolfe at Quebec
Peace of Paris 1763 France off of North America Just some Caribbean islands
Results of French and Indian War
*England’s War Debt *England feels Colonist did little to help *Outside threat gone
*New lands open up *France wants REVENGE !!!
Problems for England Debt - £140 million Indian uprising – Pontiac’s Rebellion British spending £7000 to collect £2000
George Grenville
*Standing Army *Enforce Nav. Acts *Regulate Expansion *New Revenue
Proclamation Line of 1763
George III
Sugar Act Reduced tax from 6 pence to 3 But, enforced it !
Rights imply equality Less than Englishmen
Virtual Representation
Currency Act of 1764 Colonial Assemblies must recall any paper money issued
Colonies hurt by lack of unity *between colonies *within colonies
Conflict between established areas and frontier Frontier feels underrepresented, over taxed and unprotected
1763 Paxton Boys - Penn. march on Phily 1771 Regulator Movement-NC fight with colonial militia
New policies have something for everyone to hate Merchants Settlers Planters City workers New taxes, enforcement Proclamation of 1763 Tariffs raise prices No manufacturing
STAMP ACT 1765
While Sugar Act affected only some colonist, mostly New England, Stamp Act falls on all Americans
Virginia Stamp Act Resolves Patrick Henry Have rights of English men Can only be taxed by House of B.
Massachusetts James Otis Gets assembly to issue call for inter-colonial meeting about the Stamp Act
STAMP ACT CONGRESS
9 of 13 colonies show up Decide on boycott of british goods Sons of Liberty to enfoce decision
Stamp Act Out 1766 Declaratory Act In
Charles Townshend
Quartering Act 1765 Colonies must provide quarters and supplies for troops in America New York refuses
Townshend Act PaperPaint GlassLead Tea
American Board of Custom Commissioners
Massachusetts Circular Letter Sam Adams
Letters From a Farmer John Dickinson
Non-importation Imports cut by >50% NY £482,000 to £74,000
Parliament has the right to regulate trade. Does not have the right to raise revenue “we are all but parts of a whole”
Virginia Resolves Only House of B. can tax Virginia
Boston Massacre
Committee of Correspondence
John Locke Social Contract
Gaspee
Tea Act 1773
Boston Tea Party
Who is this man?
Coercive/Intolerable Acts
Boston Port Act Massachusetts Gov. Act Admin. Of Justice Act Quebec Act
1sr Continental Congress September 1774 Philadelphia 12 colonies
Reject Galloway’s plan of colonial union Nonimportation Statement of grievances Agree to Suffolk Resolves Meet again next spring
Lexington Commons
Buckman Tavern