1. Britain & Her Colonies Grow Apart
The Road to Revolution
Britain & Her Colonies Grow Apart

2. Background Mercantilism Trade & Navigation Acts (1650) wealth = power
colonies sources of raw materials & food & markets for manufactured goods
Trade & Navigation Acts (1650)
goods carried only in English ships
enumerated commodities
duties paid by colonies in England on goods to & from Europe

3. Early Legislation Woolen Act of 1699 Hat Act of 1732
Molasses Act of 1733
Iron Act of 1750
writs of assistance
no real enforcement by Britain
smuggling by colonists
policy of “salutary neglect”

4. The French & Indian War rivalry between Britain & France
territorial claims
fur trade
battles in the Ohio Valley & Great Lakes regions & Canada
Battle of Quebec decisive

5. Results of F&I War French out of North America
power of Native Americans reduced
colonists’ respect for British damaged
new land for the taking
Britain puts troops in the colonies
Britain heavily in debt
Britain begins enforcing tax laws

6. British Point of View
war was for defense of colonies so they should help pay
needed to exercise more control
danger from Native Americans
Pontiac’s Rebellion; Proclamation of 1763
typical policy toward colonies within empire

7. Colonial Point of View British not so tough France gone
colonists can handle Native Americans
land, land, land
distrust of standing armies
smuggling
“salutary neglect” : why the crackdown on taxes now?
used to independence & self-government

8. Starting Down the Road Sugar Act/Revenue Act of 1764
lower duties on molasses to stop smuggling
smuggling cases tried in admiralty courts (no juries)
Quartering Act of 1765
colonists must provide food & shelter for British troops
Stamp Act of 1765
first direct tax
stamp required on all official documents
affected all colonists, especially merchants & lawyers

9. Reaction to Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress in NY 1765
colonies come together
boycotts of British goods
“No Taxation Without Representation!”
virtual vs. direct representation
Stamp Act repealed 1766
Declaratory Act of 1766 (“in all cases whatsoever”)

10. Britain Tries to Back Up
Townshend Duties of 1767
tea, glass, paper, lead, paint
indirect tax (paid by merchants)
revenue used to pay colonial officials previously paid by legislatures
writs of assistance
repealed 1770 except for tea

11. Colonial Resistance boycotts Sons & Daughters of Liberty (1765)
Massachusetts Circular Letter of 1768
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (Dickinson)
Committees of Correspondence (1772)
tarring & feathering
hanging in effigy
British customs ship Gaspee burned in RI
Association

12. Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770
tension building between colonists & British soldiers
fight at the rope works
confrontation with young boy
snowballs & clubs
“Fire!” or “Don’t fire!”
colonists die
Sam Adams’ “massacre”
Paul Revere’s engraving
John Adams defends British soldiers

13. Revere’s Engraving

14. Boston Tea Party (Dec 16, 1773)
Tea Act: British East India Co monopoly on tea to colonies
“Indians” dump all the tea in Boston Harbor ($75,000)
other colonies sympathize with Massachusetts
call for inter-colonial congress
Coercive/Intolerable Acts
port of Boston closed
self-government reduced; Gage military governor
royal officials tried in Britain
British troops quartered in private homes
Quebec Act
Roman Catholicism
no representative government
boundary of Quebec to Ohio River

15. First Continental Congress
Philadelphia, September 1774
radicals, moderates, conservatives
Declaration of Rights & Grievances
Suffolk Resolves
repeal of Intolerable Acts
boycott
military preparations
The Association
2nd congress May 1775 if necessary

16. Lexington & Concord April 19, 1775
British trying to capture military supplies in Concord
Searching for Sam Adams & John Hancock
“One if by land, two if by sea”
“The Regulars are coming!” (Paul Revere & William Dawes)
Minutemen on Lexington Green; 8 killed
British repulsed at Concord’s North Bridge
British chased back to Boston; 250 casualties
“Shot heard ‘round the world”: War had begun