Chapter 12 Preserving Aquatic Biodiversity -------

Marine biodiversity Marine biodiversity is higher in coral reefs and estuaries because of more habitats and nutrients. 3.5 billion people depend on the sea for their primary source of food. food antibiotics coral is used to reconstruct bones Anticancer drugs

Invasive Water Hyacinths

Great Pacific Trash Vortex

In Wisconsin an invasive is a common carp

Case Study: Industrial Fish Harvesting Methods Trawler fishing-catch fish that live near the ocean floor such as shrimp, cod and flounder disturbs the ocean floor Purse-seine fishing - huge net to catch tuna may also snare dolphins Longlining- some of these lines may be as long as 80 miles--- ----may catch unwanted fish and endangered species Drift-net fishing_(gill net)--- catches the fish by the gills may catch unwanted fish and also result in overfishing of an area

Natural Capital Degradation: Area of Ocean Bottom Before and After a Trawler

Hawaiian Monk Seal Plastics tend to tangle and snarl wildlife

An Endangered Leatherback Turtle is Entangled in a Fishing Net

Bycatch- usually smaller fish that are caught as a consequence of catching larger fish

Deep sea aquaculture cage Fish farming in cage Trawler fishing Sonar Spotter airplane Purse-seine fishing Drift-net fishing Float Buoy Fish caught by gills Long line fishing lines with hooks Figure 11.7 Major commercial fishing methods used to harvest various marine species. These methods have become so effective that many fish species have become commercially extinct. Deep sea aquaculture cage Stepped Art Fig. 11-7, p. 256

Legal Protection of Some Endangered and Threatened Marine Species Why is it hard to protect marine biodiversity? Human ecological footprint and fishprint are expanding Much of the damage in the ocean is not visible The oceans are incorrectly viewed as an inexhaustible resource Most of the ocean lies outside the legal jurisdiction of any country

EVERGLADES River of Grass”: south Florida, U.S. Since 1948: damaged Drained Diverted Paved over Nutrient pollution from agriculture Invasive plant species 1947: Everglades National Park unsuccessful protection project

Natural Capital Restoration: Wetland Restoration in Canada

Chapter 12 Readings (case studies)   Chapter 12 Readings  (case studies)     p.250 on High Tech Ocean Exploration      Page 254 on Industrial Harvesting Methods      p.256 on the Florida Manatee      p. 259 on the Blue whale      p. 263 on restoring a wetland

FUN FRIDAY REVIEW People 1. John ____________Society? 2. __________ Carson 3. Wrote the “Jungle” which exposed conditions in the US meat packing industry. 4. First “big” environmental president.

PLACES 5. 1986 Nuclear accident city 6. _____________ aquifer in the United States mid west. 7. Volcanic eruption in the state of Washington in 1980. 8. _______ mile island 9. A river in the western United States that is having very reduced flow. Hint: it bears a states name.

Legal Write out the FULL name of these legal abbreviations 10. CITES 11. MMPA of 1972 12. U.S. ESA of 1973 13. SMCRA

Names for groups of mammals These are not in the book. 14. baboons 15. oxen 16. rhinoceri 17. moose 18. elks 19. lions 20. camels

Speeding up recovery of damaged ecosystems 14__________________ ecosystems may include sinking old tires or creating a wetland to reduce flooding. 15. ____________trying to return a particular degraded habitat to a condition close to its natural state.

Marine life zones Open ocean (pelagic zone) estuary abyssal zone Coral reefs bathyal zone