To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. glencoe.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Questions Chapter Summary

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Cooling Lava

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Rocks and Minerals Make the following Foldable to compare and contrast the characteristics of rocks and minerals.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold one sheet of paper lengthwise.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold into thirds.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Unfold and draw overlapping ovals. Cut the top sheet along the folds.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Label the ovals as shown.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables As you read the chapter, list the characteristics unique to rocks under the left tab, those unique to minerals under the right tab, those characteristics common to both under the middle tab. Construct a Venn Diagram

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Minerals are inorganic solid materials found in nature. They have a definite chemical makeup, and an orderly arrangement of atoms. Rocks are combinations of two or more minerals. Minerals – Earth’s Jewels Physical properties of minerals are observed to help identify them. Reviewing Main Ideas Gems are minerals that are rare and beautiful. Ores of useful materials must be mined and processed to extract the desired substance.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Igneous rocks form when melted rock material from inside Earth cools and hardens. Extrusive rocks form above Earth’s surface. Intrusive rocks solidify beneath the surface. Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks formed from mineral or rock fragments are called detrital rocks. Reviewing Main Ideas Rocks formed as mineral-rich water evaporates are examples of chemical rocks. Rocks composed of fossils or plant remains are organic rocks.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Metamorphic rocks form as a result of changing temperature, pressure, and fluid conditions inside Earth. Metamorphic Rocks and the Rock Cycle The rock cycle describes how all rocks are subject to constant change. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 1 Explain how sediment becomes sedimentary rock. PS 2.2g

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer Sediment is pieces of broken rock, shells, mineral grains, and other materials that are deposited deep in the ocean, where it piles up over time. As more layers of sediment pile up, the layers underneath are compacted. Water flows through the sediment and acts like glue. It is the compacted layers that eventually become sedimentary rock.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 2 Which changes metamorphic rock into sediment? A. compaction and cementation B. heat and pressure C. melting D. weathering and erosion PS 2.2g

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. Over time, weathering and erosion change metamorphic rock back into sediment.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 3 List the different properties that are used to identify minerals. Answer Crystal, cleavage and fracture, color, streak and luster, hardness, and specific gravity are used to identify minerals. PS 2.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 4 Rank the four minerals from softest to hardest. MineralFingernail 2.5 Copper penny 3.0 Glass 5.5 QuartzYYY TalcNNN FlouriteYYN GypsumYNN PS 2.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The correct order is: talc, gypsum, fluorite, and quartz.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 5 Explain why intrusive igneous rocks have large, visible crystals. PS 2.2g

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer Intrusive igneous rocks are formed by magma that is forced upward toward Earth’s surface, but never reaches it. The hot magma sits under the surface and cools very slowly. The cooling is so slow that the minerals in magma have time to form large crystals.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 When a mineral splits into pieces with smooth, regular planes, it is said to have _______. A. cleavage B. crystals C. luster D. specific gravity PS 2.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Cleavage is a way that rock can break. When rocks break with smooth, regular planes, they have cleavage. Rocks that break into pieces with jagged, rough edges, fracture.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 2 What type of rock is formed after a geyser erupts? A. chemical rocks B. detrital rocks C. organic rocks D. volcanic rocks PS 2.2h

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. When a geyser erupts, mineral-rich water evaporates. The minerals are left behind and they eventually form chemical rocks.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 Where do extrusive igneous rocks form? A. Earth’s surface B. inside Earth C. water D. space PS 2.2g

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Extrusive igneous rocks form when melted rock material cools on Earth’s surface.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 4 Which is most abundant in Earth’s crust? A. calcite B. feldspar C. halite D. silica PS 2.1c

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. Feldspar is a type of silicate mineral.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 5 Which is a mineral sold for profit? A. gem B. granite C. rock D. ore PS 2.1e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is D. A mineral that contains a useful substance that can be sold for profit is called an ore.

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