1. Rocks And Minerals Benchmark Review

2. What is a Mineral? Solid Inorganic Naturally Occurring Crystal Structure Definite Chemical Composition Over 4,000 minerals discovered! Each have a unique arrangement of atoms

3. Ore A mineral that contains important elements including metals. Extracted through processes. One common known process is Smelting. Gem A precious or semiprecious stone when cut and polished or engraved.

4. Properties of Minerals Crystal Structure Cleavage vs. Fracture Color Streak and Luster Hardness Special properties Reaction with Acid Specific Gravity Magnetism Taste

5. ROCKS!!!!!

6. IGNEOUS ROCKS Formed from volcanic activity The cooling of Magma/Lava Intrusive Extrusive Hardening of magma Slow cooling Produces large crystals Coarse grained texture(rough) Hardening of Lava Fast cooling Produces small crystals Fine grained texture(smooth) Obsidian Granite

7. Sedimentary Rock Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation

8. Detrital Organic Chemical 3 sedimentary rock types Sed. Rocks *Sm or Lg particles (Smooth or Rough) Ex. Shale, Sandstone Sed. Living *Depends on what sed’s come from (smooth or rough) Ex. Coal, Limestone Evap H 2 0 Crystallization *Depends on Crystal size (Cooling Rate) Ex. Rock Salt, Gypsum

9. Fossils Plant or animal remains left over in a rock. Only found in sedimentary rocks Would melt or burn in igneous or metamorphic rocks

10. Metamorphic Rock Igneous and Sedimentary rocks undergo Heat, and Pressure to “Morph” into a metamorphic rock. Foliated Grains in rocks are arranged in parallel layers Distinct pattern “Bands of colors” Non-Foliated Grains in rocks are arranged randomly No distinct pattern or layers Ex. GneissEx. Soapstone

11. The Rock Cycle

12. GOOD LUCK!!!! STUDY!!!!