12 th July 2011Innovation Innovation: Experiential learning Presentation made by The Department of Science and Technology, GoI to The National Innovation Council

Department of Science and Technology Established in 1971 Main functions and objectives Policy formulation for R&D sector, Strengthening of human and institutional capacity, Technology Development and Delivery, Social contract of S&T and Partnerships and Alliances Emerged as an important Extra Mural Funding Agency With a near 50% overall share Participated in several developmental and promotional programmes aimed at the development of an ecosystem for Research and Development

Matching Structure with Substance Various Arms of the Government Stake Holders of the Government Divisions of DST S&T Community Moneyflow directionMoneyflow direction Content flow direction Assimilators Convergent solution and delivery systems Horizontal arms for inter agency support

Research and Development: In Nation Building ( Role of DST) Scholarship driven Competition driven Innovation Science Technology Market driven Creation of jobsCreation of knowledge Creation of value Advanced knowledge Leadership in usable knowledge Gainful and useful knowledge National prosperity Knowledge Seekers DST presence: StrongDST presence: Limited DST Presence: Beginning

Knowledge: In its various Dimensions Advancing the Frontier of knowledge of human kind Investment is made with no pre-defined returns DST has done reasonably well in this area Usable knowledge with a dimension of practical application value Investments are made with expectations of returns DST has started to invest effort into these areas Solar Energy Research, Security Technology. State- Center Technology partnership, Water technology Useful knowledge with a value proposition to the ultimate user Investments are made with calculated returns DST has operated in this space through TDB like agencies

Balancing Manifestations of Science in Social Contexts Discovery priority of scientists Solution priority of people and states High Solution Low Discovery Low Solution Low Discovery High Solution High Discovery Low Solution High Discovery Challenge of the Governments and leaders is to motivate scientists to discover solutions Industrial research focuses on high yielding solutions

12 th July 2011Innovation Knowledge Economy Paradigm Science, Technology and Innovation is emerging new power equation in the global order

SectorIndia’s relative position Scholarshi p driven science Good return for dollar and people invested. Relative position does not match talent pool on account of low investments and poor absorption capacity. Comparative position is improving Market driven Technolog y Value addition to Indian raw materials through technology in competitive trade is lower than optimum. Stronger coupling between technology and trade is necessary Competiti on driven innovation Innovation eco system is relatively weak on account of mismatch of development and absorption and poor risk bearing capacity in the manufacturing systems. Incremental rather than leap-frog innovation is focused.

Education Infrastructure Wide and developed Research Infrastructure Developed and merits widening Industrial Infrastructure Needs backing of innovation infrastructure Technology Infrastructure Status of mind to market Chain in Indian knowledge infrastructure Innovation Infrastructure KnowledgeKnowledge FinanceFinance

PQR of innovation funnel For every 100 ideas, 1 is workable, for 100 workable ideas, 1 might work, for 100 working ideas 1 might yield profit Academic Sector Risky and creative ideas, rock bed of disruptive innovations Research Sector Quality addition to ideas and innovations through risk reduction Industry Sector Profit generation through leveraging innovations ideas Workable ideas Working ideas Profiting ideas

Investing into Innovations: India’s lessons Inherent creativity and Capacity to Innovate Innovation as side product of personal passions largely Supported by pubic funds Innovation infrastructure Through planned and Strategic interventions Public-Private Partnerships Innovation for global competition for High growth economies with large Social security system and high per capita nations Private sector driven and public sector facilitation Integrated infrastructure for people Centric innovation landscape to Include the excluded through techno Social innovations that serve the Needs of 4 billion global citizens Passion driven pursuitPurpose driven pursuit Competition driven pursuitPeople centric pursuit

Nourishing Innovation through the Mind to Market Chain R&DENTITyR&DENTITy STI landscape Academics Research Industry Market (Soft Money) Financing (Hard Money) Social capital

12 th July 2011Innovation A Indian Challenge Bridging Social capital based on trust and risk preparedness Fostering viable and sustainable Innovation partnerships within the Mind to Market Chain and Financing innovations

Next Generation Model for Innovation: India’s chance! Innovations are required in the country for creating a favourable ecosystem. There are some global models. Governance models adopted in most of the research establishments of the country, whether they are supported by with public or private sector funds require a revisit. Synergies and partnerships are essential elements of a rightly positioned research support system focused on innovations. India needs a next generation model for innovation support India enjoys an advantage for cost optimization of innovations and this may well be a dying advantage. A ten year time frame may be all that India may enjoy for leveraging the current expertise arbitrage

12 th July 2011Innovation Some Successful lessons From the experience of DST

Role played by DST in Innovation landscape Department of Science and Technology Policy and program functions Scouting innovators Scouting innovations Supporting innovators Supporting innovations Developing innovations Leveraging innovations INSPIRE TECHPEDIA NIF STEPs/ TBIs, Innovation fund TDB Fund of Fund PFC, TePP (jointly with DSIR) Creation to Commercialization

Engagement of DST in the current Innovation Landscape Registration and support to Grass root and social Innovation Through NIF and TePP in Partnership with DSIR Scouting and backing Innovations DST-INTEL, DST-Lockheed Martin, DST-IIM(A)-ET, GITA with CII Incubation for Innovations STEPs, TBI Revolving Fund in partnership with SIDBI TIFAC action for supporting viability assessment and scaling Innovation Fund for Innovation clusters Joint activity with NASSCOM Venture Financing support for Innovations Technology Development Board through direct financing and Fund of Funds through equity in venture capitals Technology Acquisition Fund and National Innovation Fund Efforts underway for deploying Technology Cess funds into Acquisition fund Developing indicators for innovation indexing Partnership with OECD explored

Passion Driven pursuit leading to innovation Flow sensors from first principle science Nano Science research in the country led to an observation that flow of fluids through nano tubes lead to electrical signals. This discovery gained global attention. Flow sensors have now been developed based on this concept and US patent obtained. First nano technology product for water First principle based nano technology product has been innovated and commercialized. The product is able to obtain potable water from pesticide decontaminated water sources.

1. Patents: A method of preparing purified water from water containing pesticides, Indian patent Extraction of malatheon and chlorpiryhphos from drinking water by nanoparticles..., PCT application, PCT/IN05/0002 Product is marketed now by a Eureka Forbes Ltd. Several new technologies are now available. A plant to make supported nanomaterials for water purification; with capacity of 4.5 tons per month, 2007 Nanomaterials for water purification – pesticide removal Chemistry world First nanotechnology product for clean water

Purpose driven Pursuit to innovation Chitra valve Unique in design, materials of construction and fabrication. It is the most extensively researched, tested, and pre market clinically evaluated device in India. ARCI Based on accelerated durability tests, amply confirmed by measurement of wear of valves explanted after many years of animal implantation, the projected durability far exceeds the life span of even the youngest recipients. The valve commands 25% market share currently ARCI has developed a product based on nano silver for purification of water. Ceramic based filter candles have been developed and commercialized Chitra valve Ceramic water filter

PPP for Competition driven pursuit **Bharat Biotech International Limited**  The company launched the first product Hep Vaccine ‘Revac-B’ in October 1998  The vaccine is manufactured using Saccharomyces (yeast) with a plant capacity of 100 million doses per annum (In Rs./ Lakhs) Total cost of Project – 1221 TDB Loan Assistance Hyderabad

People centric pursuit Whereas most global innovation systems are focused on the process, nations like India need to lay equally emphasis on purpose as well as process of innovations. Affordable innovations for ensuring that the benefits of innovations reach as many as people as possible have become necessary People centric pursuit of science opens up a new window of innovation space

Grass root innovation system National Innovation Foundation Experience Grass root innovators create affordable and social innovations A large untapped potential exists Due diligence on marketing potentials and new mechanisms for leveraging grass root innovations may well be the next step forward Education levels Innovation potentialInnovation potential Conditioning of mind set Creative mindset space

12 th July 2011Innovation Incubating Enterprises within Academic system Some lead examples

INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EDUCATION (IEDC) INTRODUCES ENTREPRENUERSHIP IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PROMOTES INNOVATIVE SPIRIT AMONG STUDENTS INNOVATIVE STUDENT PROJECTS ARE ENCOURAGED 5 STUDENT PROJECTS PER INSTITUTION PER YEAR ARE SUPPORTED IEDC SERVES AS A PRE-INCUBATION SCHEME

DST SUPPORTED INCUBATOR NORK Incubator and Science and Technology Park Network 1 IKP, Hyderabad 2 ICRISAT, Hyderabad 3 University of Hyderabad 4 University of Delhi 5 Sriram Inst. TBI, Delhi 6 IAN-TBI, Delhi 7 NID-NDBI, Ahmedabad 8 Nirma Labs, Ahmedabad 9 CIIE, IIM Ahmedabad 10 MICA, Ahmedabad 11 NSIC, Rajkot 12 NDRI, Karnal 13 MDI, Gurgaon 14 BITS, Meshra 15 Composites Tech. Park, Bangalore 16 E health-TBI, Bangalore 17 MIT, Manipal 18 JSS STEP, Mysore 19 NIT, Surathkal 20 BEC-STEP, Bagalkot 21 NIT, Calicut 22 Technopark- TBI, Trivandrum 23 Amrita TBI, Kollam 24 IIT-SINE, Mumbai 25 MITCON, Pune 26 NCL-VC, Pune 27 D.K.T.E. Textile Engg, Kolhapur 28 STP, Pune 29 MANIT, Bhopal 30 KIIT University, Bhubaneshwar 31 Thapar University, Patiala 32 GNEC-STEP, Ludhiana 33 BITS, Pilani 34 KEC, Perundurai 35 VIT -TBI, Vellore 36 Anna University - TBI, Chennai 37 University of Madras, Chennai 38 IIT-RTBI, Chennai 39 BAIT, Sathyamangalam 40 Periyar - TBI, Thanjavur 41 SPEC-TBI, Chennai 42 TREC-STEP, Tiruchirapalli 43 PSG-STEP, Coimbatore 44 PSG-Nanotech TBI, Coimbatore 45 TNAU, Coimbatore 46 Vel Tech, Chennai 47 JSSATE - TBI, NOIDA 48 Amity - TBI, NOIDA 49 KIET, Ghaziabad 50 IIT, Kanpur 51 IT-BHU, Varanasi 52 HBTI, Kanpur 53 IIT, Roorkee 54 Ekta-TBI, Kolkata 55 IIT, Kharagpur

Ceeyes Metal Reclamalation Pvt. Ltd: A global company Led by S. Ananthakrishnan, alumni TREC, Trichy, incubated by TREC-STEP ANTS Ceramics Limited is an advanced materials manufacturing company started by graduates and faculty at IIT Kharagpur. Robokit developed by TRI Technosolutions Pvt Ltd, a SINE company promoted by IIT Bombay alumnus Embedded Horns for cycles and Remote Light Controllers (RLC), Kongu engg. Coimbatore Commercial products from TBIs supported by DST

Growth of STEPs/ TBIs and Promoted Entrepreneurs

Innovator from the DST Supported Schemes An awardee of DST Innovation partnership programme for his innovation on Self cooling apparel has been ranked as the top most young entrepreneurs for his enterprise based on his innovation scouted and supported by DST INTEL partnership programme

Fostering Innovations within Emerging Industrial clusters (National Innovation Fund) JOINTLY CONCEIVED BY DST, ICICI KNOWLEDGE PARK, BHARTI AIRTEL, TCS AND NASSCOM FUND SIZE 48 CRORES PPP INITIATIVE OF DST INVESTMENT IN START-UPS OWNING IP FOCUSSED TECH AREA FOR INVESTEMENT PHARMA PHARMA AUTO INFOTRONICS AUTO INFOTRONICS TELECOM TELECOM MEDICAL DEVICES AND MEDICAL DEVICES AND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM

The Power of Ideas is an entrepreneurial platform created by The Economic Times in association with the Department of Science and Technology to seek, reward, nurture and groom business ideas by connecting them with relevant evaluators, mentors and investors The Power of Ideas is an entrepreneurial platform created by The Economic Times in association with the Department of Science and Technology to seek, reward, nurture and groom business ideas by connecting them with relevant evaluators, mentors and investors

Leveraging Innovations through formal sector Technology Development Board TDB supports commercialization of innovations through venture fund support Rs 585 crores claimed from the Government and released about ~Rs 890 crores sanctioning about Rs 1100 crores Overall success rate is ~70% Vaccines Shantha biotech, Bharath Biotech LCD Systems Samtel Electric Mobility REWA Civil Aviation SARAS Home land Security CEL

Some key products from TDB support Biocon AV Alloys Eicher motors REWA SARAS

12 th July 2011Innovation Building innovators (Promoting innovative spirit among youth) In the long Term horizon 1. Talent attraction 2. Mentorship building

50,000 INSPIRE INTERNSHIPS/Yr Top 1% in class X criterion Summer/ Winter camps With Nobel Prize Winners 10,000 80,000/yr For 5 years 2,00,000 INSPIRE AWARDS/ Rs. 5,000 per award Every high school covered Minimum 2 awards per school in 5 years Science project exhibit 5-10% Entries to be selected by jury for State level and national level prizes 1,000 fellowships 1,000 faculty positions 7500 based on Top 1% marks in class X and XII board examinations. Pro-rata basis for boards based on students undertaking the board 2500 based on performance in national level examinations Top ranker in any science, engineering, medical, agriculture and veterinary related faculty in Indian universities National level selection based on merit and INSPIRE attachment without break Age Age Age 17-22, BSc/MSc levels Age 22-27, PhD level Age Assured Career Opportunity in Research INSPIRE SCHEME :AT A GLANCE

INSPIRE INTERNSHIP 250 CAMPS HELD. 17 NLs joined 67,949 INTERNS GAINED 3000 RESOURCE PERSONS ENROLLED INSPIRE SCHOLAR SHIPS 5639 AWARDED INSPIRE AWARD 4,09,358 INSPIRE AWARDS released TOTAL 3,00,000 TARGETED FOR INSPIRE FELLOWS 1376 Awarded/ 796 selected WILL START IN 2011 Age Age Age 17-22, BSc/ MSc levels Age 22-27, PhD level Age 27-32Assured Career Opportunity in Research CLASS VI - X CLASS XI INSPIRE IMPLEMENTATION STATUS Innovation agenda to be seeded

Building Educators for Science Teaching: Scheme under development A new large scale motivational programme for teachers engaged in primary, secondary and tertiary education is being developed jointly by MHRD and MoST under a Grand Alliance Initiative The programme targets ~ 0.5 million teachers who are already in position. This target group could also be motivated to spread the cause of innovations in the educational system Whereas our traditional education system is focused on understanding Nature and not as much on solving problems, the programme could be used to the convey the cause of innovation ecosystem.

Some Generic lessons from open class rooms of life While “creation of innovation” may be an individual activity, “wealth creation from innovation” demands an ecosystem and many body involvement and desire to partner. Ecosystem demands also diversity Prevailing asymmetry between investors and inventors caused by the absence of social capital should be bridged A country specific model needed for fostering innovation partnerships among public funded industrial research institutions and the private sector

Some generic lessons learnt Innovation ecosystem would demand readjustments In mind sets of educational system, financial institutions, R&D entities In the governance systems for not treating genuine failures with negative mindset In audit systems for financial discipline Venture capital support system Demand side management of innovation system Building Social capital Migration from Defensive Decision Syndrome into trust based Decision logic Risk averse to risk prepared social behavior Fair sized fund for Social Capital National Innovation Fund

Some lead ideas for promoting Innovation ecosystem Joint appointments Academy, Research and Industry Addressing conflicts of interest Transition from transaction to relationship model New consortia models for R&D for public good Addressing flaw of flows of knowledge and money Creation of PPP fund for R&D for public good New easy to use operational methodologies Built on the principle of “benefit to all” and trust New Audit system for innovation support Transition from risk averse and risk promotion Trust based review system with safety provisions

A Policy Paradigm for seeding an Innovation Ecosystem Engagement of Private Sector into R&D should be promoted soon and more aggressively In the intervening times, special policy guidelines for investing public funds into public-private partnerships into R&D for public and social goods may need to be considered. Sub committee of PM’s Council for Trade and Industry has submitted a white paper for promoting PPP for R&D and Clean Energy Proposed a PPP fund of Rs 5000 crores Proposed a mission for affordable innovation for public good Recommended the establishment of a Model Global Innovation Cluster Implementation of key recommendations of the sub-committee would promote a desirable innovation system

Summary: What have we learnt? Innovation is a product of human urge for creation. India seems to enjoy sufficient strength Scouting processes for innovation demand many tools. Some tools seem to be delivering DST has played some limited roles and horizontal functions in demonstrating some untapped potentials Scaling innovations for national prosperity seem to require a new type of social capital and viable innovation partnerships. This is an area of gap. Innovation is required for fostering innovations for wealth creation

Designing an India-niche Model for Affordable Innovation! There is now an opportunity to reassert ourselves among the comity of Nations by designing a system which “includes the excluded” and “reach the un-reached” through innovating for affordable innovations. Social and public good would call for new models of collaboration between the public and private sector. While fostering such collaborations, the needs and benefits to the ultimate user of research products “namely people of India” should become the focus. The partnership needs to be built on the strength of mutual trust and respect, where individual egos exit and the public and social cause prevail. This civilization called India is too good to remain a mere observer in the realm of global development though innovations

Let our Nation Rise into the horizon of Global Innovation space

Wheels within in Wheels: In Data to Riches Knowledge Products Wheel Mind to Market Wheel All data do not lead to information. All information do not afford knowledge All knowledge does not lead to Innovation. All Innovations do not lead to wealth generation