 States = countries  Multinational corporations (MNCs)  Nations  Religious groups  Terrorist networks  Leaders, prominent individuals  Int’l coalitions  G7 (definitely ‘rich club’)  G20 (‘rich’ and emerging= 85% wealth) G20  OECD (mostly ‘rich club’) OECD ¤

 Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)  Global, regional IGOs  Monetary: IMF  Development: WB  Trade: GATT  WTO  Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) Global, regional, national, local  Representation by GS  Representation on behalf of GS ¤

Global North  Advanced Industrialized Countries  ~ 32 countries Global South  ~162 countries  = 83 % of world  Very diverse ¤

5 Categories of the Global South

All non-GN countries= ~164 countries, 83% of world ~32 of quasi-states are emerging economies 138 of 194 states are lesser-developed = 67%

BRICS, others Majority >$10/day

 9= Emerging (Czech Rep., Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia)

US (GDP per capita=ranks 10th) at ~$54,000 Average GDP per capita of LDCs at $750  Burundi, Congo, Somalia at $200 GDP per capital  Map based on info from

39 countries  34 of those located in sub-Saharan AfricaAfrica Debt relief- HIPCs qualifyHIPCs qualify  36 accepted full or partial relief ~$72 B Reliance on single cash crops  Cotton accounts for 46% of Mali’s exports Cotton

Global NorthGlobal South IndustrializedFew industrialized Donors of foreign aidRely on foreign aid Well-developed physical infrastructure Poorly developed physical infrastructure Exporters of technologyRely on technology imports Economic diversity: merchandise & service Rely on primary resources Extract resourcesRely on GN to process raw goods Well-developed civil institutions Poorly-developed institutions

Political Security Economic Socio-cultural Environmental Health Energy Human rights Development ¤

Zero-sum Outcome Win/lose Positive-sum Outcome Win/win ¤