S ENSATION & PERCEPTION Chapter 4

V ISION Wavelength (rue) Amplitude Purity Cornea Lens Iris Pupil Retina -transduction Optic disk Optic nerve Rods Cones Light Nearsightedness Farsightedness Receptive fields Lateral antagonism Monocular & binocular cues Binocular Disparity: Monocular: one eye binocular: Retinal disparity Size constancy Convergence Vision acuity

H EARING Wavelength Amplitude Purity Pinna Hammer, anvil, stirrup Middle ear Cochlea Semicircular canals Auditory pathway Intensity Timing Other senses Gustation Taste pathway Primary tastes Nontasters vs supertasters Olfaction Pathway of smell Temperature Pain receptors Kinesthetic Vestibular

P ERCEPTION Reversible figure Perceptual sets Inattentional blindness Top- down processing (aka form perception theory) Bottom-up processing (aka feature detection theory) Subjective contours Gesalt principles: Figure-ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Closure Simplicity Perceptual hypothesis & how context plays a role Perceptual constancy Motion parallax Pictorial depth cues Optical illusions Motion aftereffect

1. T HE BASIC EXPERIENCE OF THE STIMULATION OF THE BODY ’ S SENSES IS CALLED : (A) Sensation (B) Perception (C) Adaptation (D) Cognition (E) Conduction

2. T HE FUNCTION OF THE LENS IS TO : (A) Project an image onto the cornea (B) Focus an image on the retina (C) Locate an image (D) Contain receptor cells that are sensitive to light (E) Locate the blind spot

K EY TERMS Sensation Threshold Absolute Threshold Just noticeable difference Signal detection theory Subliminal perception Mere-exposure effect Sensory adaptation Trichromatic theory Opponent Process Theory Phi phenomenon(Apparent motion) Vestibular sense

3. O LFACTORY CELLS ARE THE RECEPTORS FOR WHAT SENSE ? (A) Taste (B) Hearing (C) Vision (D) Smell (E) Touch

4. T HE BINOCULAR CUE FOR DEPTH PERCEPTION BASED ON SIGNALS FROM MUSCLES THAT TURN THE EYES TO FOCUS ON NEAR OR APPROACHING OBJECTS IS CALLED : (A) Convergence (B) Retinal disparity (C) Shape constancy (D) Interposition (E) Perceptual vision

5. T HE FINAL STEP REQUIRED TO CONVERT VIBRATIONS INTO SOUND SENSATIONS TAKES PLACE IN WHICH PART OF THE EAR ? (A) Ossicles (B) Outer ear (C) Cochlea (D) Middle ear (E) Auditory receptors

6. B LACK - AND - WHITE VISION WITH GREATEST SENSITIVITY UNDER LOW LEVELS OF ILLUMINATION DESCRIBES THE ROLE OF : (A) The cones (B) The cornea (C) The fovea (D) The rods (E) The pupil

7. R ECEPTORS FOR KINESTHESIS ARE LOCATED IN THE (A) Retina (B) Joints (C) Semicircular canals (D) Olfactory epithelium (E) Taste buds

8. N EURAL IMPULSES GO DIRECTLY TO THE CORTEX WITHOUT PASSING THROUGH THALAMUS FROM RECEPTORS IN THE (A) Retina (B) Joints (C) Cochlea (D) Olfactory epithelium (E) Taste buds

9. T HE COILED TUBE IN THE INNER EAR THAT CONTAINS AUDITORY RECEPTORS IS CALLED (A) Semicircular canal (B) Ossicle (C) Pinna (D) Cochlea (E) Oval window

10. J ASON IS ATTENDING A PARADE THAT FEATURES THE LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL BAND. J ASON ’ S FRIEND B RENT PLAYS THE TROMBONE IN THE BAND. I T IS DIFFICULT FOR J ASON TO HEAR B RENT PLAY AT THE PARADE. W HICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BEST ALLOW J ASON TO HEAR B RENT ' S TROMBONE ? (A) Sensory adaptation (B) Selective attention (C) Perceptual constancy (D) Weber’s law (E) Functional fixedness

A NSWERS 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. B

Q. Dimitri and Linda are trying to learn a new routine to compete successfully in a dance competition. Give an example of how each of the following could affect their performance. Definitions without application do not score. Cones Dark Adaptation Farsightedness Basilar Membrane