1. Unit 04 - Overview Basic Principles of Sensation and PerceptionBasic Principles of Sensation and Perception Influences on Perception Vision Visual Organization and Interpretation Hearing The Other Senses

2. Introduction Sensation Perception

3. Introduction Bottom-up processingBottom-up processing Top-down processingTop-down processing

4. Selective Attention –Cocktail party effect

5. Selective Attention Selective Attention and Accidents

6. Selective Attention Selective Inattention Inattentional blindness

7. Selective Attention Selective Inattention Change blindness

8. Transduction Psychophysics

9. Thresholds Absolute Thresholds Absolute threshold Signal detection theory

10. Thresholds Absolute Thresholds Subliminal Priming

11. Thresholds Difference Thresholds Difference threshold Weber’s Law

12. Sensory Adaptation

13. Sensory Adaptation Emotion Adaptation

15. Perceptual Set Perceptual set –Mental predisposition –Schemas

16. Context Effects Context effects

17. Emotion and Motivation Motivation on perception Emotions on perception

19. The Stimulus Input: Light Energy Wavelength Hue Intensity

20. Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum

21. The Physical Property of Waves

22. The Eye Cornea Pupil Iris Lens –AccommodationAccommodation Retina

23. The Structure of the Eye Pupil = the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.

24. The Structure of the Eye Iris = a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. The iris dilates/constricts in response to changing light intensity

25. The Structure of the Eye Lens = the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.

26. The Structure of the Eye Retina = the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.

27. The Eye The Retina Rods and ConesRodsCones Rods Cones

28. The Eye The Retina

29. The Retina’s Reaction to Light

30. The Eye The Retina Optic nerve Blind spot Fovea

31. The Structure of the Eye Blind Spot = the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a “blind” spot because no receptor cells are located there.

32. The Structure of the Eye Fovea = the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster.

33. The Structure of the Eye Optic Nerve = the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

34. Visual Information Processing

35. Visual Information Processing Feature Detection Feature detectors

36. Visual Information Processing Parallel Processing Parallel processing –Blind sight

37. Visual Information Processing

38. Color Vision Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theoryYoung-Helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theory –Monochromatic vision –Dichromatic vision

39. Color Vision Opponent-process theory –Three sets of colors –Afterimage

40. After image

42. Visual Organization Gestalt (form or whole)Gestalt

43. Visual Organization Form Perception Figure-ground

44. Visual Organization Form Perception Grouping –Proximity

45. Visual Organization Form Perception Grouping –Continuity

46. Visual Organization Form Perception Grouping –Closure

47. Visual Organization Depth Perception Depth perception –Visual-cliffVisual-cliff

48. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Binocular Cues Binocular cues –Retinal disparityRetinal disparity

49. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Monocular Cues Monocular cues –Horizontal-vertical illusion

50. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Monocular Cues Monocular cues

51. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Monocular Cues Relative Height

52. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Monocular Cues Relative Size

53. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Monocular Cues Interposition

54. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Monocular Cues Linear Perspective

55. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Monocular Cues Relative Motion

56. Visual Organization Depth Perception: Monocular Cues Light and Shadow

57. Visual Organization Motion Perception Changing size of objects Stroboscopic movement Phi phenomenon

58. Visual Organization Perceptual Constancy Perceptual Constancy

59. Visual Organization Perceptual Constancy: Color and Brightness Constancies Color constancy

60. Visual Organization Perceptual Constancy: Color and Brightness Constancies Lightness constancy –Brightness constancy –Relative luminance

61. Visual Organization Perceptual Constancy: Shape and Size Constancies Shape constancy

62. Visual Organization Perceptual Constancy: Shape and Size Constancies Size constancy –Moon illusion –Ames Room

63. Visual Interpretation Experience and Visual Perception: Restored Vision and Sensory Restriction Restored Vision Critical period Sensory deprivation

64. Visual Interpretation Experience and Visual Perception: Perceptual Adaptation Perceptual adaptation –Displacement goggles

66. The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves Audition Amplitude Frequency –PitchPitch

67. The Ear Outer ear –Auditory canal –Ear drum

68. The Ear The ear is divided into the outer, middle and inner ear.

69. The Ear The sound waves travel down the auditory canal to the eardrum.

70. The Ear Eardrum = tight membrane that vibrates when struck by sound waves.

71. The Ear Eardrum

72. The Ear Middle ear –Hammer –Anvil – Stirrup

73. The Ear Bones of the middle ear = the hammer, anvil, stirrup which vibrate with the eardrum.

74. The Ear Inner ear –Oval window –CochleaCochlea Basilar membrane –Auditory nerve –Auditory cortex

75. The Ear Hair cells in the cochlea

76. The Ear Auditory nerve =

77. The Ear Auditory nerve =

78. The Ear Neural impulse travels to the auditory cortex in the brain.

79. The Ear Hearing loss –Conduction hearing lossConduction hearing loss –Sensorineural hearing lossSensorineural hearing loss –Cochlea implantCochlea implant Signing

80. The Ear Perceiving Loudness Basilar membrane’s hair cells –Compressed sound

81. The Ear Perceiving Loudness

82. The Ear Perceiving Pitch Place theory –High pitched sounds Frequency theory –Low pitched sounds –Volley principle

83. The Ear Locating Sounds Stereophonic hearing Localization of sounds –Intensity –Speed of the sound

85. Touch Types of touch – Name them. Sensation of hot

86. Pain Understanding Pain: Biological Influences Biological Influences –Noiceptors –Gate-control theoryGate-control theory –Endorphins –Phantom limb sensations –Tinnitus

87. Pain Understanding Pain: Biological Influences

88. Pain Understanding Pain: Psychological Influences Psychological Influences –Memories of pain

89. Pain Understanding Pain: Psychological Influences Biopsychosocial Approach

94. Pain Understanding Pain: Social-Cultural Influences Social-Cultural Influences

95. Pain Controlling Pain Physical methods Psychological methods

96. Taste Sweet, sour, salty and bitter Taste buds Age and taste

97. Smell Olfaction –Chemical sense –Odor molecules –Olfactory bulb –Olfactory nerve

98. Body Position and Movement Kinesthesis Vestibular senseVestibular sense –Semicircular canals

99. Body Position and Movement

100. Sensory Interaction Sensory interaction Interaction of smell and taste –McGurk Effect Interaction of other senses Embodied cognition –synesthesia