CHINA Resists Outside Influence

Resists Outside Influence Rejected Western Goods: –Largely self-sufficient –Mining, Agriculture & Manufacturing Only port open to West: GUANGZHOU –China earns more on exports. –British smuggle opium = Chinese addiction problem 12 million addicted

War Breaks Out Opium War: 1839 –China Pleads with Queen Victoria –Pleas unnoticed = Sea Warfare British ships defeat the Chinese –Treaty of Nanjing give Britain control Hong Kong Extraterritorial Rights: 1844 –Foreigners not subject to Chinese law at Guangzhou and 4 other ports.

Population& Taiping Rebellion “Great Peace” – Hong Xiuquan –New China Grows army of 1 million –Captures SE sections of China –Hong went into isolation and internal fighting grew. –1864: rebellion is defeated.

Resistance to Change: Dowager Empress Cixi: – –Prefers traditional ways –Reforms only in Education, Government & Military Self-Strengthening Movement Manufactured –steam-powered gunboats, –Rifles –Ammunition

Spheres of Influence Europeans, Japan take advantage of China’s weakness. –Foothold in China: “Sphere of Influence” Foreign nations controlled trade and investment in China. U.S. worries –Open Door Policy: China be left open to all nations that wish to trade.

Chinese Nationalism Chinese resent outside power; want change. 1898: Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms; Qing officials see these reforms as an attack on their power. –Streamline the Government –Modernize the military –Reorganize education system

Boxer Rebellion Secret Organizations formed by peasants. –Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists “BOXERS” Take away foreigners privileges and power & Empress Dowager Empress’s rule.

Results of Boxer Rebellion Rebels take Beijing. Foreign armies defeat the rebels ending the rebellion. Chinese Nationalism SURGES!

Beginning of Reform Empress Cixi recognizes necessity for reform. –World Tour to U.S. Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Italy. Constitution based on Japans constitutional monarchy –National assembly –Reforms are very slow

Imperial Japan Chapter 28 Section 2

Isolation 17 th century to early 19 th century. Rigid feudal system = –peace & prosperity

Japan ends its isolation Demand for foreign trade: –Early 19 th century –Commodore Perry Forced emperor to accept letter to allow open trade b/t U.S. & Japan –Treaty of Kanagawa Opened ports to the U.S Permission granted to other foreigners.

Meiji Reform: Shogun was forced to step down –End of dynasty lasting since the 12 th century. Meiji Era: “Enlightened Rule” –Mutsuhito is a reformer. –Modernize Japan

Western Influences: Germany: –Consitution –German Army Britain: –Navy U.S. –Universal education

Industrilization Railroads Coal production State-supported companies –Ship building –Large industry.

Imperial Japan 1890: strong navy & large army –Strongest military in Asia. Convinces all European nations to abolish the extraterritorial rights.

Japan attacks China Japan sets eyes on Korea –Forces Korea to open 3 ports to trade. –Korea an important trade partner for both China & Japan China and Japan agree not to send troops to Korea.

Korea asks for Help! Korean king asks China to help put down rebellion. Sino-Japanese War –Japan sends troops in to defeat China. –Defeats China Foothold in Manchuria, Taiwan & Pescadores Isands.

Russo-Japanese War Balance of Power shift: –Russia vs. Japan Went to war over Manchuria. –Russia; stay out of Korea..(Refused!!) Japan defeats Russia –Russia withdraw from Manchuria & Korea

Japanese Occupation of Korea 1905: Korea becomes a protectorate. 1910: Korea is annexed to Japan –Under Japan’s control. Japan harshly rules Korea = –KOREAN NATIONALISM!