Ancient India SWBAT: Explain features of the ancient Indus River Valley civilization

Do Now Identify the 2 River Valley Civilizations we have already covered in class

Individual Learning On your own complete the Indus River Valley Civilization readings, questions and DBQ practice. We will review these together. Day 2: Complete the journal entry on a separate piece of paper. (15 min)

Sharing for Understanding After writing your journal entry, you will exchange with your partner Read your partner’s journal entry Partner discussion: Initial thoughts, reactions, corrections (hopefully not) you can comment on What did you like/not like?

Wrap Up How do we know they traded with other civilizations? How do we know they had an organized government? How do we know they had a belief system?

Current Connections SWBAT: Review aspects of the Indus River Valley civilization using DBQs

Do Now Review: Complete the multiple choice practice on the ½ sheet INDIVIDUALLY!

DBQ Practice Complete your assigned DBQ individually Share with your partner What do we know about this civilization?

TED Talks Video Reaction Response 1.Summarize: GOAL- Show that you understand the thesis, main ideas, and supporting details. 2.Analysis/Evaluation: GOAL- Show that you understand what the author does well (strengths) and what he or she does not do so well (weaknesses). 3.Your Reaction: GOAL- Share your own personal impressions of the piece, thoughts, questions, what you found most interesting, and your own experience with the material.

TED Talks Video Clip A Rosetta Stone for a Lost Language Taking notes while you watch will help you write your reaction response Initial Reactions- share with your partner You may begin writing your reaction response AFTER viewing/discussing the video clip

Just to Review…

Geography of India Indus River Valley is in a region known as South Asia It is also referred to as part of the Indian Subcontinent- a large land mass that is smaller than a continent, and usually split from the rest of the continent by a mountain range Mountains & water that surround India kept it isolated & protected from the rest of the world for many years

Indus River Valley Civilization

The Indus River Valley is the birthplace of South Asia’s earliest civilization

The Indus River The name “India” is derived from the Indus River. An early civilization developed along the banks of the Indus River. Today, the Indus River flows mostly through Pakistan. (Pakistan was once part of India)

The Himalayas The Himalayas are a mountain chain in northern India and include the highest mountains on the surface of the Earth The Himalayas have not completely separated India from the rest of Asia because there are passes that exists in the mountain chain

Himalayas separate India from China

This is a photograph of the famous Khyber Pass- a valley that allowed travelers to enter India.

Monsoons Seasonal winds that regularly blow from a certain direction during part of the year that are vital for farming. Summer Monsoons blow from the southwest, pick up moisture and drench India with heavy rains Winter Monsoons blow from the northeast and bring hot/dry air

Winter or Summer?

Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro Possibly twin capitals of the civilizations or cities that ruled the area one after the other Grid Cities – organized pattern, with long & wide streets Complex plumbing system – baths, drains & water chutes that led into sewers beneath the streets.

A Familiar Grid City?

Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro

Ruins at Mohenjo-Daro

Housing Houses were built with baked clay bricks of a standard size.

Farming & Trading Most people were farmers. They grew wheat, barley, melons & dates Others were merchants & traders. Their ships carried cargoes of cotton, cloth, grain, copper, pearls & ivory to distant lands Trade ships traveled the Arabian Sea to the Persian Gulf and reached Sumer

Indus Civilization Declines Emerged as a civilization around 2500 B.C., flourished for 1,000 years then vanished! By 1900 BC, quality of life in the Indus Valley was declining Scholars do not know for sure what happened- they offer three theories: – Invaders attacked & overran cities – There was a major flood – There was a devastating earthquake

Archaeologists At Work Remains found within last 100 years, but still a work in progress Writing not deciphered yet -No names of kings, tax records, literature, famous victories, etc. We do know: Indus Valley civilization covered largest area of any civilization until the rise of Persia more than 1,000 years later!!

Group Activity!

Task… Topics: Geography City’s Structure/Layout Government Economy Religious Beliefs Decline/Disappearance Groups are to create teaching posters on one topic for a gallery walk Use guiding questions, last night’s HW, and pages in text to assist you

Task… Your class is a museum today… As a group will travel from poster to poster gathering information from each feature of the early IRV civilization. You might need to extract the only the most important information so it fits in your graphic organizer. What to bring: graphic organizer, guiding questions, IRV notesheet, and something to write with

Wrap Up What’s the most interesting information you learned from the other groups? If you were an architect working in the Indus River Valley, what three items would you place on your “wish list’? What judgment would you make about this civilization? What information would you use to support your judgments?

Aryan Civilization of Ancient India SWBAT: Explain the caste system of India introduced by the Aryans

Do Now What group of people invaded the Indian subcontinent from the northwest?

Activity While watching “Crash Course: The Indus Valley Civilization”: - write down 1 piece of information you already knew - write down 2 new pieces of information you learn from the video Crash Course: Indus River Valley

Reading for Understanding Read “Social Structure” and “Family Life”, then complete the questions that follow Use your reading strategies!

Do Now Complete the “Family Life” reading and questions that follow Use your reading strategies!

The Aryans Migrated to India BC 4 Vedas—a collection of hymns, prayers, and other religious teachings written in Sanskrit “The Vedic Age” Warlike people Tribes led by rajahs (chiefs)

Aryan Religion Polytheistic—animal worship, offered sacrifices of food & drink to the gods Belief in Brahman—single, supreme, spiritual power

Wrap Up  Compare the Indian caste system to any social structure you see in our country. Similarities/Differences?  How can you remember why it’s called a “caste” system?

Hinduism SWBAT: Explain features of the Aryan civilization in Ancient India

World Religions Today Chart Analysis: What can conclusions can you draw from analyzing the “World Religions Chart”

Hinduism 3rd largest religion in the world today One of the oldest & most complex religions Combination of Aryan and Indus peoples’ beliefs Predominant religion on the Indian Subcontinent today

Hinduism Hindu simply meant "Indian“, a term invented by foreign traders to describe the civilization and peoples of the sub-continent No founder, central messiah or prophet Hundreds of sects developed within Hinduism Magnificent temples, respect for priests Veneration of life, especially the cow, which is thought to embody fertility, forbidding its killing

“The Sacred Cow” – Seen as a symbol of life & nourishment – Cow Dung used for energy, tilaks (religious markings), & fertilizer

Aspects of Hinduism SWBAT: Create a poster reflecting an aspect of Hinduism

Group Activity! Your group will be assigned an aspect of Hindu beliefs As a group, create a poster reflecting your aspect of Hinduism - Use the text to find info - Summarize main ideas using 5 bullet points - Colorful, correct, creative - Include an image! Gallery Walk when complete!

The Goal of Life Ultimate goal: achieve moksha -union with Brahman Must free self from selfish desires -cannot be achieved in one lifetime Nirvana- the emancipation from ignorance and the extinction of all attachments

Reincarnation Hinduism claimed a divine mandate to separate people by color Suggested members of the toiling lower castes might become reincarnated at a higher level in another life To advance, the individual must fulfill moral obligations in the present life  persuading members of the lower castes to be dutiful Reincarnation: rebirth of a soul in another bodily form  allows soul to work towards moksha

Moksha

Cycle of Death & Rebirth

Sacred Texts Teachings have been recorded in -Vedas- collection of prayers, sacred verses -Upanishads- dialogues about Hindu beliefs

Sacred River The Ganges River is sacred – Bathing in it can purify, cleanse, and cure the sick – Upon death many Hindus are cremated & have some of their ashes spread in the Ganges

The Bindi Traditional forehead decoration symbolizing relationship status of a Hindu women – Red = Married – Black = Single Black can also ward off evil spirits

Wrap Up What motive is there for creating a caste system? How will social problems arise from the development of the caste system? What does the equation D+K=R stand for? -explain D,K,R How is Hinduism connected to the Aryan civilization? In what ways do you think Hinduism can affect the way of life for a group of people?

Ahimsa Another key moral principle of Hinduism Idea of Nonviolence All people & things are aspects of Brahman & should be respected