Unit 8—Chapters The Civil Rights Movement, JFK, and LBJ CSS 11.10, 11.11

"Abraham, Martin & John" is a 1968 song written by Dick Holler and first recorded by Dion. It is a tribute to the memories of icons of social change, Abraham Lincoln Martin Luther King, Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Robert F. Kennedy. It was written as a response to the assassinations of King and the younger Kennedy in April and June Abraham, Martin, and John

Part One Early Demands for Equality , , , , , , EQ #1: How did African Americans challenge segregation after WWII?

Civil Rights Movement blacks had rights on paper but not in real life after WWII, minorities demanded change and the majority of Americans recognized the hypocrisy of our nation 1910 NAACP formed by W.E.B. DuBois 1931 nine black boys sentenced to death for raping a girl who testified that she had not been raped 1948 Truman desegregated the miitary 1955 Emmet Till killed for allegedly whistling at a white woman in MS

De jure segregation segregation caused by the law Plessy v. Ferguson allowed separate but equal public places Jim Crow laws in the South kept blacks from voting poll taxes, literacy tests whites were “grandfathered” in and did not have to follow these laws

De facto segregation segregation caused by circumstances poverty and illiteracy kept many blacks from the same opportunities as white Americans This type of segregation was much more prominent in the North and West nicer areas had better schools, parks, etc.

Jackie Robinson first African American major league baseball player in 1947

Congress of Racial Equality (C.O.R.E.) James Farmer sought non-violent means to get civil rights in the North in 1942 both blacks and whites worked together Chicago, Detroit followed teachings of Henry David Thoureau, Ghandi, and Jesus

Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 NAACP funded a lawsuit to end segregation in schools the Supreme Court overruled the states Thurgood Marshall argued the case and later became a Supreme Court justice the “Southern Manifesto” promised to defy the ruling

Earl Warren – the Warren Court expanded the definition of civil liberties, gave federal support to the civil rights movement Miranda rights

Little Rock Nine, 1957 Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus sent the National Guard to bar 9 black students from attending Central High School in Little Rock Eisenhower sent the 101 st Airborne to escort the students to class for a year! a showdown of state- federal power

Civil Rights Act of 1957 est. permanent commission on civil rights with investigatory powers lacked real power Sen. Strom Thurmond (SC) tried to filibuster it it wasn’t much but it was at least something and gave people hope for more to come

Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 Rosa Parks was thrown in jail for not moving to the back of the bus in Montgomery, AL MLK led a 13 month boycott until the courts made the buses desegregate the buses ran almost empty for months MLK’s house was bombed by the KKK

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Martin Luther King and other ministers organized their efforts voter-registration drives, marches, passive resistance and non-violence

EQ #1 How did African Americans challenge segregation after WWII?