Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Selected sections from Chapter 18 Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and Differentiation  Tumor  Benign  Malignant

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 18.1 Characteristics of Benign Tumors and Cancers

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Tumors  Benign  Remain in one location  Single, well-defined mass  May be surrounded by connective tissue  Cancerous  Abnormal cell structure; may appear undifferentiated  May spread  Edge of tumor not clearly defined

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.2 Animation—Cancer Malignant Tumor Development PLAY

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. How Cancer Develops  Apoptosis  Mutated or damaged genes  Proto-oncogenes  Normal regulatory genes  Oncogenes  Mutated or damaged proto-oncogenes  Tumor suppressor genes  Regulatory genes slow cell division,  TS genes may be turned off, damaged, or mutated in cancers

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Factors Contributing to Cancer  Viruses and bacteria  Chemicals in the environment  Tobacco  Radiation  Dietary factors  Internal Factors  Free Radicals

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Cancer Treatments  Conventional treatments  Surgery  Radiation  Chemotherapy

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 18.3 Ten Most Common Cancers

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Most Cancers Are Preventable  Know family history  Get regular medical screenings  Learn self-examination techniques  Avoid direct sunlight 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., sunlamps, and tanning salons  Watch diet and weight  Don’t smoke  Drink in moderation, if at all  Be informed