+ Nationalism & Imperialism Chapters 10-13

+ Bismarck Unites Germany Napoleon divided up German lands People demanded a unified German State Bismarck willing to go to war to unite Germany Make Germany strong again

+ The Iron Chancellor Build strong ties with Austria & Prussia –alliances Keep France weak and isolated Disliked Catholics and Socialists Demanded loyalty to the state first Thought Socialists would cause the peasants to revolt—threat to German unity

+ Decline of the Hapsburg Empire Francis Joseph—18 years old when he takes over Nationalist feelings among several ethnic groups— increases tensions Rule & Change NOTHING—can’t continue this way because of industrialization & growth of cities

+ Formation of the Dual Monarchy Ottoman Empire Collapses Austria-Hungary sets up as 2 separate states with their own governments and constitutions Francis Joseph is emperor of Austria-Hungary Nationalism continues to increase—why is this significant???

+ Imperialism A stronger country dominates a weaker country through economic, political, or humanitarian ways.

+ Motives for Imperialism 1. Economic: desire for new markets, access to overseas natural resources 2. Political and Military: prestige around the world, further expand territories 3. Humanitarianism: spread Christianity and western ideals around the world 4. Social Darwinism: Survival of the fittest, achieve racial superiority

+ Forms of Imperial Rule Direct Rule: sending officials to rule colonies Protectorate: local rulers were expected to follow European leaders advice Sphere of Influence: Area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

+ Africa: Scramble for Colonies Berlin Conference: European powers met in Berlin, Germany to decide how to divide up Africa. No African leaders were invited New borders were drawn No regard for traditions, customs, and culture of the African people

+ Egypt Seeks to Modernize Suez Canal: Links the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea to the Indian Ocean Built by a French Family—de Lesseps British had financial control of the canal

+ China and Imperialism Opium Wars British merchants traded Opium (from India) for Tea with the Chinese The Chinese became addicted to the drug and large amounts of silver flowed out of China This disrupts the Chinese Economy Forced the Chinese into a series of unequal treaties with Britain

+ China Open Door Policy—Keep trade open to the millions of Chinese consumers Keep it open to all nations on an equal basis

+ Japan Modernizes The Meji Restoration- response to the “western world’s” power and influence Centered around the emperor creates a strong show of Japan’s unity. Social and economic changes in Japan New constitution Industrialization took place National education system put in place Wanted to be recognized by the Western World as a world power

+ First Sino-Japanese War Qing Dynasty (China) vs. Meji (Japan) Fighting for control of Korea Japan prevails Weakened Qing Dynasty First time in over 2,000 years that power in Asia shifted to Japan

+ Russo-Japanese War Russia vs. Japan Fighting for control of Manchuria and Korea Japan said Korea was vital for its national security Russia wanted warm water ports for trade and its navy

+ U.S. Imperialism in Latin America Monroe Doctrine Keep European powers OUT of the Western Hemisphere Becomes the basis of the U.S. Foreign policy until WWI Panama Canal Shortcut between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Panama wanted independence from Columbia U.S. agreed to support Panama’s rebels IF Panama would give the U.S. control of the canal Panama gets control of the canal for $10 million