Politics of War

 Br = no longer dependent on Southern Cotton (Huge inventory from Egypt and India)  Britain – decides on “neutrality”  Trent Affair – test the neutrality of Britain

 Confederacy sent James Mason and John Slidell to Br. and Fr. to gain support  Traveled on the TRENT (Br.ship)  Captain Charles Wilkes traveled on the San Jacinto (Union ship)  Union arrested the two men  *British and sent 8,000 troops to Canada to fight the UNION

 “ One war at a time ”  - Lincoln freed the two prisoners = peaceful negotiation

 “ Weapon of War ” (showed foreign countries that the North supports abolition!) **** This document made it harder for foreign nations to support the South (foreign nations = antislavery) - Virtually guarantees Britain WOULD NOT enter the civil War on the Southern /Confederate side  Took effect on Jan. 1, 1863  ***the freeing of slaves ONLY in rebelling Confederate states/territories (NOT border states / Union states/ Union controlled states)  Immediate Change : (*) Turned the Civil War into a MORAL cause (Lincoln's and Harriet Beecher Stowe’s agenda)

 “Present the body”  If you get arrested, you must be told why you were arrested and why you are in jail ***LINCOLN “ SUSPENDS ” Habeas Corpus during the Civil War*** What does this mean: Southern supporters were arrested and held without trial Why did he suspend it: trying to Preserve the Union Roger B. Taney – Lincoln goes beyond his presidential powers – Lincoln ignores Taney’s viewpoint Copperheads - Northerners supporting South

 Not enough volunteers…..so  (Draft) - Conscription – force certain members of the population to serve in the army.  Confederacy drafted the law first…then the Union  Would everyone be happy about this????

 Started by Irish Immigrants Issue: *Why should they fight a war to end slavery when they don’t have the same rights as American citizens?  Results: Burnt down draft offices, newspaper offices, hangings

Southern Shortages FOOD SHORTAGE! (physical and mental destruction) Loss of manpower, loss of land, loss of slaves (Eman. Proc.), loss of Ports (Anaconda Plan) Northern Economic growth Economy soared! (PRODUCTION – supplies, guns, shoes, clothes…)  Income Tax (Point: pay off debt / pay for war)  First one EVER collected!!!!  A tax that takes a specific amount out of their income

 United States Sanitary Commission  Purpose: to improve hygienic conditions in the Union  Clara Barton – often took care of soldiers on the front lines!  “ Angel of the Battlefield ” ****Red Cross founded in 1881 by Clara Barton

Prosthetic Arm

 Andersonville, Georgia  WORST Confederate prison….held Union prisoners (45,000 Union soldiers)  Remember: more soldiers died of disease / starvation than bullets!  Lasted 13 months – 13,000 deaths!  Captain of Andersonville: Henry Wirz

 Emancipation Proclamation freed ONLY slaves in Confederate-controlled states….what about the BORDER STATES? ***** FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GOT STRONGER******  Lincoln’s Idea : Amend the Constitution (slavery)  13 th Amendment : NO SLAVERY  Reason: get rid of slavery in border states too / but everywhere in America as well

 John Wilkes Booth  26 year old actor, southern sympathizer - Shot Lincoln, jumped on the stage and yelled “The South is Avenged!” - Booth was found in a barn, Union officials locked the barn and set it on fire! - Dr. Mudd - Final words… “useless...useless” - Weird Fact: Lincoln didn’t die at the theater…doctor killed him

(1) Restoring the Southern States back into the Union (2) Integration of 4 million newly freed African Americans in American society