The University of South Wales Guide to Referencing Daniela Pesconi-Arthur October/2013

What is referencing? … indicating in assignments when you have used material that has not originated with you. Why reference? * It is a way of measuring your ability to understand, analyse and evaluate the work of others; * Informs the reader of the texts you have consulted during research; * You will be assessed on the quality and relevancy of these sources; * Referencing carries a percentage of the overall marks if undertaken appropriately.

What to reference * Factual information; * Data; * Images; * Opinions; * Direct quotations; * Summaries or paraphrasing of other people’s work

… using the words of others or their creative output without explicit acknowledgement – published or unpublished, including material from the internet. * When you take notes from different sources, keep records of which are your own observations, where you are paraphrasing and which are direct quotations. * Organize your notes, note down your sources. This will be very helpful when taking notes over a longer period and reviewing them later. Plagiarism

How to reference There are several ways of including sources in your work. You can: * Summarise; * Paraphrase; * Directly quote; * Secondary reference; * Refer to an author with more than one publication in a single year.

* The University of South Wales Guide to Harvard Referencing – highlights some of the sources that can be referred to when writing an assignment. The various referencing requirements for each source are presented and include an in-text and reference list example. * This guide does not include all possible sources that you might encounter during the course of your studies. Please seek advice if you need guidance that does not feature here. * Recommended book: Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: The Essential Referencing Guide (Palgrave Study Skills). 9 th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

S Summarising You only need to insert the author’s name and year of publication if you are summarizing the overall argument or positions of a book or article. No need for page numbers in the text or in the reference list. Text: There are general resources which give a good overview of skills, some of which you may not have developed before, for example, proof-reading (Fairbairn & Winch 1996; Cottrell 2003) References: Cottrell, S. (2003) The study skills handbook. 2 nd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Fairburn, G. J. and Winch, C. (1996) Reading, writing and reasoning: A guide for students. 2 nd edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press

Paraphrasing You should include page numbers in the text, as well as the author’s name and year if you are paraphrasing a specific point from your source. Text: Cottrell (2003 p.1) writes that by improving your study skills you can “accelerate the learning process”. Reference: Cottrell, S. (2003) The study skills handbook. 2 nd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Short quotation

Long quotations

Secondary referencing

Author with more than one publication in the same year

How to reference books

How to reference journals

How to reference newspapers

How to reference the internet

How to reference conferences/theses/public lectures

How to reference other sources

How to reference visual sources

How to reference audio visual material

How to reference live performances

How to reference computer games

How to reference computer programmes

How to reference personal communication

Google Chrome Harvard Referencing App Thanks, Jessie!

Useful Reading Materials You can use those reading materials included in your handbook, plus the following ones: Buckingham, D. (2009)‘Creative’ visual methods in media research: possibilities, problems and proposals’, Media, Culture and Society 31(4): 633–652. Institute of Education, University of London [Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 22 October 2013) Crouch, C. (2007) Using praxis to develop research methods into personal creativity in the visual arts. Arts Research Symposium. [Online]. Available at: (Accessed 22 October 2013) McIntyre, P. (2006) Creative practice as research: ‘testing out’ the systems model of creativity through practitioner based enquiry. [Online] Available at: (Accessed: 22 October 2013) Nelson, R. (2009) The Jealousy of ideas: Research methods in the creative arts. [Online]. Available at: pad.ac.uk/photos/21_Resources/08_The%20Jealousy%20of%20Ideas/04_jealousy1.pdf (Accessed: 22 October 2013) pad.ac.uk/photos/21_Resources/08_The%20Jealousy%20of%20Ideas/04_jealousy1.pdf * You can also use other sources/readings

This revised University of South Wales Guide to Harvard Referencing is credited to the collaboration between USW Libraries and the Education Drop-In Centre. Inspiration for this revised Guide is acknowledged to Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2010) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 8th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. For in-depth guidance on referencing we recommend that you borrow or purchase this textbook. July 2011 (revised October 2012 )