Spain was an early leader in exploration along with PortugalSpain was an early leader in exploration along with Portugal The Line of DemarcationThe Line of Demarcation 1494 Pope Clement (Catholic Church) Atlantic Ocean Portugal: East of the line Spain: West of the line

Why explore?Why explore? 3 reasons:3 reasons: Control of the Native AmericansControl of the Native Americans Finding mineral riches (gold and silver)Finding mineral riches (gold and silver) Finding the western entrance to the Northwest PassageFinding the western entrance to the Northwest Passage

Juan PerezJuan Perez Sailed north exploring the coasts of Washington and British ColumbiaSailed north exploring the coasts of Washington and British Columbia Established Nootka Village in Nootka Sound (1774)Established Nootka Village in Nootka Sound (1774)

Bruno de Hezeta and Juan Bodega y QuadraBruno de Hezeta and Juan Bodega y Quadra 1775: Acknowledged and never entered the San Rogue River (later named the Columbia)1775: Acknowledged and never entered the San Rogue River (later named the Columbia) Juan Bodega y Quadra

Strait of Juan de FucaStrait of Juan de Fuca Francisco Eliza and Manuel QuimperFrancisco Eliza and Manuel Quimper Named after a Greek sailor who sailed with the Spanish along the Washington coast in 1592Named after a Greek sailor (Ioánnis Fokás ) who sailed with the Spanish along the Washington coast in 1592 Conclusion: Why Washington isn’t part of SpainConclusion: Why Washington isn’t part of Spain Should have explored the land moreShould have explored the land more Needed more settlementsNeeded more settlements Should have made political claimsShould have made political claims

Why explore?Why explore? NecessityNecessity Spain controlled the Mid-Atlantic and the South Atlantic.Spain controlled the Mid-Atlantic and the South Atlantic. The British needed to find the “Northwest Passage” for safer trade route to Asia.The British needed to find the “Northwest Passage” for safer trade route to Asia.

Sir Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake Sailed to the west coast of South America in 1577 where he discovered Spanish ships of gold that were defenseless.Sailed to the west coast of South America in 1577 where he discovered Spanish ships of gold that were defenseless. 1588: Spanish Armada defeated. Marked the decline of the Spanish naval power and the emergence of the British Empire.1588: Spanish Armada defeated. Marked the decline of the Spanish naval power and the emergence of the British Empire.

James Cook (1778) James Cook (1778) Searched for Northwest PassageSearched for Northwest Passage Sailed the Oregon coastline.Sailed the Oregon coastline. Recognized economic value of PNW Recognized economic value of PNW Fish, Furs, Forest Fish, Furs, Forest Concluded that there was no direct water route through the North American continent. There was no Northwest Passage.Concluded that there was no direct water route through the North American continent. There was no Northwest Passage. Trained many men who later explored and made scientific contributionsTrained many men who later explored and made scientific contributions

John Meares John Meares Story: 4 of his own ships and crews seized by the Spanish in Nootka Sound. He demanded justice. The dispute almost started a war. Instead, it showed that Spain did not have exclusive rights.Story: 4 of his own ships and crews seized by the Spanish in Nootka Sound. He demanded justice. The dispute almost started a war. Instead, it showed that Spain did not have exclusive rights. DiscoveredDiscovered Cape DisappointmentCape Disappointment Tillamook BayTillamook Bay Mouth of ColumbiaMouth of Columbia AccomplishmentsAccomplishments Established first lumber millEstablished first lumber mill Conducted fur trade in ChinaConducted fur trade in China

George Vancouver (1792) George Vancouver (1792) Sailed near Columbia River, but never in it. He chose not to explore the “stream.”Sailed near Columbia River, but never in it. He chose not to explore the “stream.” Instead, he sailed north and entered the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound.Instead, he sailed north and entered the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound. He named many waterways and physical features in the Puget Sound areaHe named many waterways and physical features in the Puget Sound area Vancouver’s vast exploration caused Spain to give up their “exclusive” rights to trade in the areaVancouver’s vast exploration caused Spain to give up their “exclusive” rights to trade in the area

Spain and Britain exploration: end