U.S. History 8 Mrs. Lefler U.S. History 8 Mrs. Lefler

Portugal Leads the way in Exploration

Henry the Navigator: Leader of Exploration for Portugal. Creates school for navigation and map making. Funds sea expeditions.

Portuguese Explorers  Bartolomeu Dias Rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488 to get to spice Islands.  Vasco da Gama sails from Portugal to India.  Bartolomeu Dias Rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488 to get to spice Islands.  Vasco da Gama sails from Portugal to India.

Spain and Portugal Divide the World

Why Did Columbus Attempt a New Route? Pirates in the Mediterranean Cut out the middle man in trade Wealth and riches Pirates in the Mediterranean Cut out the middle man in trade Wealth and riches

Who funded his expedition? Queen Isabel and King Fernando of Spain Their interests were better, faster trade routes Queen Isabel and King Fernando of Spain Their interests were better, faster trade routes

Christopher Columbus Credited for Discovery of the New World Never reached the mainland of North America Explored the Caribbean Credited for Discovery of the New World Never reached the mainland of North America Explored the Caribbean

Columbus’ Great Discoveries  Uncharted lands  Friendly Natives  Natural Resources  Gold  Uncharted lands  Friendly Natives  Natural Resources  Gold

Effect of Columbus on the Indians  War with Arawak (Taino)  Start of European slave trade of Indian People  Extinction of the Arawak  War with Arawak (Taino)  Start of European slave trade of Indian People  Extinction of the Arawak

This Discovery of a new route set off A race to the west from europe  Spain  Portugal  France  England  Spain  Portugal  France  England

Spanish Explorers  Penetrated North America from the south, through the Caribbean, Florida, and mexico

Amerigo Vespucci  Italian born but sailed for Spain  First person to realize that Americas separate from Asian continent  America named for him in 1507  Explored the West Indies and Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Hatteras (off coast of North Carolina)

Ponce de Leon 1513  Spanish explorer  Sailed widely in the Caribbean  Legend says he searched for the Fountain of Youth  Spanish explorer  Sailed widely in the Caribbean  Legend says he searched for the Fountain of Youth

Juan Ponce De Leon  Best known for discovering Florida in 1513  Founded a successful settlement in Puerto Rico  Best known for discovering Florida in 1513  Founded a successful settlement in Puerto Rico

Ponce de Leon and Indians  Set up trade with Calusa Indians  Eight years later, Ponce de Leon was Attacked by Calusa Indians  Died from a wound from Indian arrow on his second expedition  Set up trade with Calusa Indians  Eight years later, Ponce de Leon was Attacked by Calusa Indians  Died from a wound from Indian arrow on his second expedition

Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1513  1st European to see eastern part of Pacific Ocean  Sailed for Spain  Crossed the Isthmus of Panama overland  1st European to see eastern part of Pacific Ocean  Sailed for Spain  Crossed the Isthmus of Panama overland

Effect on Indians  Makes alliances with Native Americans  Uses Indian bearers to carry supplies as he explores  Makes alliances with Native Americans  Uses Indian bearers to carry supplies as he explores

Hernan Cortes 1519  Spanish adventurer  Conquistador  Increased wealth of Spain through trade of gold, silver, tobacco, cacao beans, and more.  Claimed Mexico for Spain  Spanish adventurer  Conquistador  Increased wealth of Spain through trade of gold, silver, tobacco, cacao beans, and more.  Claimed Mexico for Spain

Cortez’s Effect on Indians  Montezuma greets Cortez with gifts. Cortez takes him prisoner.  Native peoples often forced to accept Christianity  Brought smallpox, measles, and mumps.  Many forced into mines in search of gold and silver  Aztec empire destroyed  Montezuma greets Cortez with gifts. Cortez takes him prisoner.  Native peoples often forced to accept Christianity  Brought smallpox, measles, and mumps.  Many forced into mines in search of gold and silver  Aztec empire destroyed

Francisco Pizarro  Spanish Conquistador  “Discovered” the Incan Empire  Conquered and destroyed the Incans of Peru taking gold, silver, and treasures making Spain wealthy

Pizarro’s Exploration

Pizarro’s effect on the Incan Empire  Captures leader Atahuallpa  Promises to give Pizarro a room of gold and a room of silver.  Pizarro promises his freedom  Pizarro accepts his gifts, then sentences him to death.

Pizarro’s effect on Inca Empire  Inca temples and cities were destroyed and replaced by Spanish churches and cities.  Diseases decreased the population.  Destroyed Inca Empire

De Soto  Spanish Explorer  Explored Florida and southeastern U.S. in search of gold. Claimed for Spain  First European to reach Mississippi River.  Died of fever. Buried on banks of Mississippi River  His journals provide valuable information on the Native peoples.

De Soto Seeing the Mississippi River for the First time

Hernando de Soto’s Effect on Indians  Burned villages  Conflict with numerous Southeast tribes.  Takes tribal leaders hostage to coerce help

Francisco Coronado  Explored North American Southwest: AZ, NM, TX, OK, KS  Searched for 7 Golden Cities  Found no gold, silver, or treasures

Coronado Searches for 7 Cities of Gold

Ferdinand Magellan  Portuguese explorer who sailed for Spain  Led first expedition around the earth  Searching for a westward passage from Spain to the Spice Islands  Named the Pacific Ocean  Portuguese explorer who sailed for Spain  Led first expedition around the earth  Searching for a westward passage from Spain to the Spice Islands  Named the Pacific Ocean

Magellan’s effect on Indians of Philippines  Magellan attempts to convert natives to Christianity  Mactan Tribe refuses.  Magellan burns village to ground  Magellan killed by natives with poison tipped arrows and spears.  Magellan attempts to convert natives to Christianity  Mactan Tribe refuses.  Magellan burns village to ground  Magellan killed by natives with poison tipped arrows and spears.

French Explorers  Advanced from the northeast, along the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes, the Ohio River, and the Mississippi with some penetration north westward from the Gulf coast.

Giovanni da Verrazzano 1524  Italian born. Sailed for France  Explored the northeast coast of North America from N.C. to Maine  Searched for Northwest Passage  Eaten by Carib Indians  Italian born. Sailed for France  Explored the northeast coast of North America from N.C. to Maine  Searched for Northwest Passage  Eaten by Carib Indians

Jacques Cartier 1535  French explorer  3 expeditions to Canada  Searching for Northwest passage  Explored St. Lawrence River and land bordering.  Paved way for French exploration and developed the fur trade.

Contact with Indians for trade

Samuel de Champlain  Known as the father of “New France”  Established French settlements in present day Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and eastern Maine  Founded Quebec City and put France on the path to an empire built on the fur trade.

Champlain’s Effect on the Indians  Befriended the Huron  Introduced firearms to Indian warfare  Fought with Hurons against the Iroquois  Tribes needed guns to survive.

English Explorers  English moved generally from the Atlantic coast westward, with activity in Arctic waters in search of the Northwest Passage

John Cabot 1497  Italian born  Sailed for King Henry of England  Searched for a faster route to Asia

What did he discover? Newfoundland and rich fishing areas

Sir Walter Raleigh  Founder of the Virginia colony.  His attempts to establish Roanoke failed  Paved the way for other English settlements.

Henry Hudson  English born explorer that explored Arctic Ocean and Northeastern North America for the Netherlands and later England.  Discovered what is now New York City  Hudson Bay, Hudson River named after him

What Happened to Hudson?

Who searched for a new passage to Asia in 1492? Christopher Columbus

What did Cabot discover? Newfoundland Rich fishing lands Newfoundland Rich fishing lands

Who was the first person to realize a new world had been discovered?  Amerigo Vespucci

Who is best known for discovering Florida? Ponce de Leon

Who crossed the Isthmus of Panama to see the eastern side of the Pacific ocean? Balboa

Who conquered the Aztec Empire and was responsible for Montezuma’s death? Cortes

Who led the first expedition around the world?  Ferdinand Magellan

Who explored the Eastern coast of the U.S from N.C. to Maine?  Verrazzano

Who conquered the Incan Empire and had Atahuallpa killed?  Pizarro

Who made 3 expeditions to Canada and paved the way for French exploration ?  Cartier

What English explorer founded Virginia Colony but was unsuccessful creating the settlement of Roanoke?  Sir Walter Raleigh

Who explored Florida and Southeastern U.S.?  DeSoto

Who explored the American southwest in search of the Seven Golden Cities?  Coronado

Who was known as the father of New France, founded Quebec, and helped France create a fur trade empire?  Champlain

Who Explored the Arctic Ocean and Northeastern North America and was set adrift by his crew?  Henry Hudson