Assessment

Levels of Learning

Bloom

Argue

Anderson and Krathwohl (2001)

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Knowledge (remember) observation and recall of information knowledge of dates, events, places knowledge of major ideas mastery of subject matter Question Cues: list, define, tell, describe, identify, show, label, collect, examine, tabulate, quote, name, who, when, where, etc.

Sample Question knowledge What happened after...? How many...? Who was it that...? Can you name the...? Describe what happened at...? Who spoke to...? Can you tell why...? Find the meaning of...? What is...? Which is true or false...?

Comprehension (understand) understanding information grasp meaning translate knowledge into new context interpret facts, compare, contrast order, group, infer causes predict consequences Question Cues: summarize, describe, interpret, contrast, predict, associate, distinguish, estimate, differentiate, discuss, extend

Sample Question comprehension Can you write in your own words...? Can you write a brief outline...? What do you think could of happened next...? Who do you think...? What was the main idea...? Who was the key character...? Can you distinguish between...? What differences exist between...? Can you provide an example of what you mean...? Can you provide a definition for...?

Application (apply) use information, methods, concepts, theories in new situations solve problems using required skills or knowledge Questions Cues: apply, demonstrate, calculate, complete, illustrate, show, solve, examine, modify, relate, change, classify, experiment, discover

Sample Question application Do you know another instance where...? What will happen if you use this in...? Can you group by characteristics such as...? What factors would you change if...? Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own...? What questions would you ask of...? From the information given, can you develop a set of instructions about...? Would this information be useful if you had a...?

Analysis (analyze) seeing patterns organization of parts recognition of hidden meanings identification of components Question Cues: analyze, separate, order, explain, connect, classify, arrange, divide, compare, select, explain, infer

Sample Question analysis Which events (cause & effects) could have happened if...? If... happened, what might the ending have been? How was this similar to...? What was the underlying theme of...? What do you see as other possible outcomes? Why did... changes occur? Can you compare your... with that presented in...? Continue

Sample Question analysis What are some of the problems of...? Can you distinguish between...? What were some of the motives behind...? What was the turning point in the game? What was (were) the problem(s) with...?

Evaluation (evaluate) Evaluation= analyze + judgment compare and discriminate between ideas assess value of theories, presentations make choices based on reasoned argument verify value of evidence recognize subjectivity Question Cues assess, decide, rank, grade, test, measure, recommend, convince, select, judge, explain, discriminate, support, conclude, compare, summarize

Sample Question evaluation Is there a better solution to... Judge the value of... Can you defend your position about...? Do you think... is a good or a bad thing? How would you have handled...? What changes to... would you recommend? Do you believe? Are you a... person? How would you feel if...? How effective are...? What do you think about...?

Synthesis (Create) Synthesis= Analysis + (Apply, predict, invente, create) Use old ideas to create new ones Generalize from given facts Relate knowledge from several areas Predict, draw conclusions Question Cues: combine, integrate, modify, rearrange, substitute, plan, create, design, invent, what if?, compose, formulate, prepare, generalize, rewrite

Sample Question synthesis Improve after analyzing the problems or issues Can you design a... to...? Can you see a possible solution to...? If you had access to all resources how would you deal with...? Why don't you devise your own way to deal with...? How many ways can you...? Can you create new and unusual uses for...? Can you write a new recipe for a tasty dish? Can you develop a proposal which would...

Example: e-learning Principles Knowledge: What are the 6 principles of e-learning? Understand: Which one leads to better learning? Why? A- Having printed words and spoken words together B- Having printed words alone on screen Apply: We learned that we should add narration to illustrations. Why do many e-learning resources add text instead of narration?

Example: e-learning Principles Analyze: Choose an e-learning piece and find which e-learning principles have been violated. Evaluate: Choose two web sites in teaching a second language. Compare the two websites in their use of e-learning principles. Create: Make a tutorial to teach a math lesson. Try to apply at least 4 principles and avoid any violation of e-learning principles.