Chap. 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange AP Biology Mr. Orndorff March 2004

Internal transport in Aurelia (Fig. 42.1)

Open and closed circulatory systems (Fig. 42.2)

Vertebrate circulatory systems (Fig. 42.3)

Mammalian cardiovascular system (Fig. 42.4)

Heart of mammal (Fig. 42.5)

Cardiac cycle (Fig. 42.6)

Control of heart rhythm (Fig. 42.7)

Blood flow in veins (Fig. 42.9)

Blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area, and pressure (Fig. 42.10)

Blood flow in capillary beds (Fig. 42.11)

Movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial fluid (Fig. 42

Mam-mal Blood (Fig. 42.13)

Differentiation of blood cells (Fig. 42.14)

Blood clotting (Fig. 42.15)

Role of gas exchange in bioenergetics (Fig. 42.17)

Diversity in gill structure (Fig. 42.18)

Fish gill (Fig. 42.19)

Countercurrent exchange (Fig. 42.20)

Respiratory adaptations of terrestrial animals TRACHEAL SYSTEM All insects. Network of air tubes to nearly every cell. Body movements compress and expand air tubes to keep system ventilated. LUNGS Spiders, snails, and vertebrates. Network of air tubes exchange gases with capillaries in lungs. Closed circulatory system exchange gases with cells.

Negative pressure breathing (Fig. 42.23)

Avian respiratory system (Fig. 42.24)

Automatic control of breathing (Fig. 42.25)

Loading and unloading of respiratory gases (Fig. 42.26)

Oxygen dissociation curves for hemoglobin (Fig. 42.27)

Quartenary protein structure (Fig. 5.23)

Cooperativity (Fig. 6.17)

Carbon dioxide transport in the blood (Fig. 42.28)

CO2 transport in blood In tissues: carbonic anhydrase CO2 (in excess) + H2O     H2CO3  H+ + HCO3 (diffuses into blood plasma) In lungs: carbonic anhydrase H+ + HCO3 (in excess)  H2CO3     CO2 (diffuses into lungs) + H2O