1. Circulation and Respiration
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Circulation and Respiration

2. Sources of transported material

3. B-cells, T-cells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O2, CO2, water, minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body
Fig
42.17

4. Fig 42.6
B-cells, T-cells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O2, CO2, water, minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body

5. Mammals have two ciculatory circuits: pulmonary and systemic
Fig 42.6
Mammals have two ciculatory circuits: pulmonary and systemic

6. Blood flows from arteries to capillaries to veins
Fig
42.10

7. Capillaries provide the large surface area required for these exchanges to take place.

8. Blood pressure changes as the blood moves from arteries to capillaries
Fig 42.11
Blood pressure changes as the blood moves from arteries to capillaries

9. This change in pressure causes fluid to leak out of the capillaries
Fig 42.16

10. High
pressure,
Fluid forced out
Interstitial fluid,
Recovered by…
Blood in vein,
More viscous

11. Not all of the fluid (~15%) is reabsorbed on the venous side
Not all of the fluid (~15%) is reabsorbed on the venous side. This interstitial fluid is collected by the lymphatic system.
Fig 42.16

12. Lymphatic system
Fig 43.7

13. Because of the low pressure in veins and lymph vessels, movement of these fluids comes from skeletal muscles movements.
Fig 42.14

14. The mammalian circulatory system is both open and closed
Fig 42.3

15. The mammalian circulatory system is both open and closed
Fig 42.3

16. The mammalian circulatory system is both open and closed
Fig 42.3

17. Nutrients, Waste, O2, CO2, Water, Minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body

18. Gases move by diffusion: Only from high to low concentration
Fig 42.28
Gases move by diffusion:
Only from high to low concentration

19. Hemoglobin (a protein) carries oxygen in the blood
Hb is carried
inside red
blood cells
Hemoglobin (a protein) carries oxygen in the blood
hemoglobin

20. The Respiratory System: large surface area to maximize gas exchange
Fig 42.24
The Respiratory System:
large surface area to maximize gas exchange
~100m2 in humans

21. Gas exchange occurs in alveoli
Fig 42.24
Gas exchange occurs in alveoli

22. In the lungs, O2 diffuses into the blood, and CO2 diffuses out into the lungs.

23. How is oxygen delivered to where it is needed?

24. By adjusting blood flow…
Fig 42.15

25. By changes in blood pH
Fig 42.30

26. Blood Cell Lung Fig 42.30 O2 O2 Hb in RBC Cellular Respiration CO2
Low CO2
High O2
CO2
Hb in RBC O2 O2
Lung

27. Blood Cell Lung Fig 42.30 O2 Hb in RBC O2 Cellular Respiration CO2+H2O
=H2CO3
(carbonic acid)
CO2
Low CO2
High O2
(less
carbonic acid)
CO2
Hb in RBC O2 O2
Lung

28. Changes in blood pH, change binding affinity of hemoglobin
Fig 42.29b

29. Blood Cell Lung Fig 42.30 Hb releases O2 at lower pH O2 O2 Cellular
Respiration
CO2+H2O
=H2CO3
(carbonic acid)
CO2
Low CO2
High O2
(less
carbonic acid)
CO2
Hb can
bind O2 O2 O2
Lung

30. Mammalian lung function
Fig 42.25

31. Avian lung function...
Fig 42.26

32. Next: Connecting Physiology and Ecology...
Grizzly Bears
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