WINTER FINAL REVIEW CHAPTERS 7-10

THE AMERICAN SYSTEM  The American System was a plan to unite the various parts of the U.S. through a system of banking, taxation, and transportation.  It was proposed by President Madison, and supported by Henry Clay from KY (The West) and John C. Calhoun from SC (The South).  America was divided into three areas each specializing in different industries– Textiles in the North, Plantations in the South, and Farming in the West.

MISSOURI COMPROMISE  When Missouri applied to be a state, it was at a time when there was a tenuous balance between slave and free states in the nation  Illinois was added as a free state and Alabama was added as a slave state bring the count to  The North felt the South was trying to extend slavery, and the South thought the North was trying to stop slavery.  Henry Clay stepped in and compromised to admit Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, and set a national boundary.  This boundary was set at 36 ⁰ 30’ north latitude.  North of the line was free, South was slave.

INDUSTRIAL CHANGES IN THE U.S. Prior to the industrial boom of the 1820’s, only thread was manufactured with machines. The thread would then be spun into cloth in the homes. This was known as the Cottage Industry. Weaving factories with their power looms replaced the need for the cottage industry and specialized/skilled labor. By moving the work from the home to the factory, several dynamics changed. Families were broken up, skilled artisans were no longer needed due to interchangeable parts, and reduced the prices of household goods. Women also dominated the workforce. New technologies in the North (power looms), South (cotton gin), and West (mechanical reaper/steel plow) allowed for specialization. This meant each region mass produced a special product and each region relied on the other regions for goods.

TEXAS AND CONFLICTS WITH MEXICO Mexico struggled to protect its northern provinces from Native American attacks, so to ensure loyalty from these areas they allowed Americans to settle in Texas. Americans rushed to Tejas to settle, and were only expected to obey the laws and observe the religion of Mexico. This fell apart as Americans brought slaves with them. This led to conflict as the Americans demanded more self-government and illegally entered the Mexican territory. Texas was made into a republic after the Treaty of Velasco was signed, and Texas entered as a state 9 years later as a slave state due to its location and previous slave population. This led to the Mexican-American War, and allowed the U.S. to gain CA, UT & NM territories, and the Rio Grande border in TX, thus expanding our borders from the Pacific to the Atlantic.

MANIFEST DESTINY & EXPANSION Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was God’s will that we would expand west to the Pacific Ocean. It was thought to be obvious and inevitable. We acquired large areas of land through the Louisiana Purchase, Adams-Onis Treaty, Treaty of Velasco, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and Gadsden/Oregon purchases. The inventions that helped involved devices for communication (i.e. telegraph), transportation (i.e. railroad, canals, roads, and trails), and industry (i.e. reaper, plow, sewing machine, cotton gin, and factories). The desire for new market opportunities, along with the gold rush, helped to push settlers westward in hopes of making a name for themselves.

SECTIONALISM IN THE US Your essay must include the following ideas for full credit: 1) Slave State vs. Free State (i.e. Missouri Compromise) 2) Regional economic differences (South=Agriculture, North=Industury) 3) Tariff of Abominations (Southern tensions) 4) The Mexican-American War (Southerners vs. Northerners) 5) Compromise of 1850 (Appease Northern & Southern issues) 6) Popular Sovereignty 7) How does slavery vs. industrialism change the ideals of the North & South?

REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION Your essay must include the following ideas for full credit: 1) What were the 3 regions in the U.S.? (North, South, and West) 2) How did the government try to connect these regions (i.e. American System) 3) What inventions caused specialization? (i.e. power loom, cotton gin, steel plow) 4) How did these regions connect? (i.e. roads, canals, r.r’s, and telegraph) 5) Why did these regions form the way they did?