1. Prelude to a War - North and South slowly begin to argue the issue of slavery 1. Most white northerners felt it violated their religious ideals 2. Most slave owners defended slavery as a necessary institutions 3. The debate becomes - North and South develop much differently 1. North was becoming more urban and industrialized every year 2. Northern population was double that of the South

2. 3. 9 out of 10 of the largest US cities were in the North 4. 70% of all railroad tracks were in the North 5. Telegraph made communication faster in the North (because of telegraph lines built along RR tracks) 6. South had more enslaved people 7. South produced more cotton

3. Manifest Destiny - The idea that the US should extend its borders as far as possible - After Texas declared independence, the asked to be annexed by the US

5. Manifest Destiny - The idea that the US should extend its borders as far as possible - After Texas declared independence, the asked to be annexed by the US - The nation is divided over whether to annex Texas 1. Mexico will be angry 2. Issue of free states/slave states

6. War With Mexico - California declares itself the Bear Flag Republic - Zachary Taylor faces off against Mexican dictator Santa Anna - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican War 1. Mexico gave up Texas territory 2. Mexico gave up NM and CA 3. US paid Mexico $15 million - In 1853, the US made the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico for $10 million

7. Wilmot Proviso - Finally made the US make a move about slavery - North fears an economics shift (with more slave states - Senate fears unequal representation - The Act said any territory acquired from Mexico could never allow slavery - Never became a law

8. The Election of 1848 - North and South tried to avoid the issue of slavery to avoid losing votes - Dem. chose Cass and Rep. Chose Zachary Taylor - Free soil party is formed over the avoidance of slavery being addresses by the other candidates

9. The Compromise of 1850 - Suggested by Henry Clay to settle slavery dispute 1. Congress would admit CA as a free state 2. NM and UT territory would decide slavery for themselves 3. Congress would abolish the sale of slaves but not slavery itself in Washington DC 4. Texas gave up land to NM for $10 Million 5. A Fugitive Slave Act would order all citizens to assist in the return of runaway slaves

10. Changes in political parties - Whig Party is dismantled over the slavery issues - Know-nothing Party promotes nativism -Movement to ensure that native born Americans receive better treatment than immigrants Kansas-Nebraska Act - A political scheme by Stephen Douglas - Supported the idea of popular sovereignty - Letting the people of a territory decide whether to allow slavery or restrict it - South supported it

11. - Northerners were outraged - The Democrats (Douglass own party) disowned him Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott Case - Scott argued that he was free because he was brought into a free state. - Established… 1. Slaves cant sue because they are not citizens 2. Slaves cant gain freedom by leaving slave state 3. Missouri Compromise ruled unconstitutional and all territories were open to slavery

12. John Browns Raid - He tried to gain support by inciting slaves to rebel - He raids the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry - Plot fails miserably