Section 2 In July 1935 Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act (also called the Wagner Act), which guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and to bargain collectively. –Congress also set up the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). –The Wagner Act set up a process called binding arbitration. binding arbitration Reforms for Workers and the Elderly (cont.)

Section 2 In 1938 the CIO changed its name to the Congress of Industrial Organizations and became a federation of industrial unions. After passing the Wagner Act, Congress began work on one of America’s most important pieces of legislation—the Social Security Act. Reforms for Workers and the Elderly (cont.) –Although Social Security helped many people, it initially left out many of the neediest—farm and domestic workers.

Chapter Intro 2 The Second New Deal (from Sections 2 and 3) Who supported the new deal? Who thought it did not go far enough? Who thought the New Deal went too far?

Section 3 Since the Civil War, African Americans had been reliable Republican voters. –However, in the 1930s, they became just one part of a new Democratic coalition that included farmers, industrial workers, African Americans, new immigrants, ethnic minorities, women, progressives, and intellectuals. Supporters: New Deal Coalition (p )

Section 3 African Americans and women made some modest gains during the New Deal. –The president appointed several African Americans to positions in his administration, where they informally became known as the Black Cabinet. –FDR appointed the first woman to a cabinet post, Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins, and appointed many other women to lower-level posts. Supporters: New Deal Coalition (p ))

Section 2 Three people who challenged Roosevelt were: Those who felt it had not gone far enough (pg 435) –Huey Long (Share our Wealth) –Father Coughlin (Nat’l Union for Social Justice) –Francis Townsend (Senior $200 Pension Plan)

Section 2 In August 1934 business leaders and anti- New Deal politicians from both parties joined together to create the American Liberty League. (p. 435) Those Opposed to New Deal

Section 2 Although New Deal programs had created more than 2 million new jobs, more than 10 million workers remained unemployed, and the nation’s total income was about half of what it had been in To pay for his programs, Roosevelt had started deficit spending, and many business leaders became greatly alarmed at the government’s growing deficit. deficit spending Roosevelt overstepping Constitutional authority Why opposition?

Section 2 In May 1935, in Schechter Poultry Company v. United States, the Supreme Court unanimously struck down the authority of the NRA role in intrastate commerce. –Roosevelt feared that the Court would strike down the rest of the New Deal. –Court 2 years later upholds Congress role to regulate interstate commerce in NCLB case. Those Opposed: Schecter and NLRB Cases (pg.443)

Section 3 –The court-packing plan, as the press called it, was FDR’s first serious political mistake.court-packing –The Senate quietly killed the bill without bringing it to a vote. –Roosevelt still achieved his goal of changing the Court’s view of the New Deal. Those Opposed to ND: Court Packing –In March 1937 Roosevelt sent Congress a bill to increase the number of justices.

Why It Matters Trans

Section 3 FDR’s programs also succeeded in creating a safety net for Americans.safety net –By the end of the 1930s, many Americans felt that the government had a duty to maintain this safety net, even though doing so required a larger, more expensive federal government.safety net The New Deal Ends (cont.) What New Deal Programs Still Exist Today?

Section 3 Harry Hopkins, head of the WPA, and Harold Ickes, head of the PWA, pushed for more government spending using a new theory called Keynesianism to support their arguments. –Keynesianism was based on the theories of an influential British economist named John Maynard Keynes. Roosevelt’s Second Term (cont.)

Section 3 The New Deal had only limited success in ending the Depression. –As a whole, the New Deal tended to balance competing economic interests. The New Deal Ends (cont.) In taking on a mediating role, the New Deal established what some have called the broker state.broker state –This role has continued under the administrations of both parties ever since. What New Deal Programs Still Exist Today?

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