UNIT 1: AGE OF EXPLORATION

Today’s essential question Why was there a desire for direct trade to Asia and how did it lead England to create colonies in the New World?

Causes of European Exploration  Push Factors  Crusades Holy wars fought between Christians and Muslims for Jerusalem Results?  Renaissance Rebirth of knowledge after Middle Ages Causes? Results?

Push-Pull Factors  Why Explore?  Knowledge  Gold  God  Glory  Technology  Trade

The Caravel

Portugal takes the lead! Prince Henry “the Navigator” Opened the first school of navigation Never actually navigated anything Sought a faster route to the Portugal’s Asian Possessions (Spice Islands) GOAL: PORTUGUESE EMPIRE, SPREAD CATHOLICISM, TRADE

Voyages to Africa  1400s – Portuguese explorers searched Africa’s western coast for gold and spices  Pope Nicholas V – granted rights to all lands claimed in return for converting inhabitants  Kill all who resist

Portuguese Explorers Vasco de Gama *Sets out to find a faster route to India, around Africa

African Resistance  War and disease temporarily stop Portugal, but eventually Africa will be won through trade  Portuguese Trade – pepper, gold, cloth and ivory in exchange for guns, gunpowder, and later rum

The Spanish Monarchy – King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Spanish Goals for the Exploration 1. Spanish Empire 2. Overtake Portuguese 3. Spread Catholicism

 What do you already know about him?  In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.  In 1493, he returned to make slaves of all he’d see.  “One of the greatest mariners in history, a visionary genius, a mystic, a national hero, a failed administrator, a naïve entrepreneur, and a ruthless and greedy imperialist.”  From The Library of Congress’ 1429: AN ONGOING VOYAGE CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

Christopher Columbus Columbus, an Italian, met Ferdy and Izzy’s goals. Columbus was to find a direct route to ASIA by TRAVELING WEST from SPAIN! He ran into something else.

 Columbus’ voyage Q&index=22&feature=plcp Q&index=22&feature=plcp  Traveling for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella)  Where did he think he landed? The East Indies  Where did he land? Landed in San Salvador Columbus’ voyage

CENTRAL AMERICA He called the Natives “Indians” because he thought he had arrived in India. Tales of his journeys lead to a new demand among Europeans to colonize the “New World” The Age of Conquest had begun!

Columbus’ Discoveries and Claims  1492 – Columbus leaves Spain on three ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria) with 90 men  Land sighted six weeks later (the Bahamas), colonized natives  Returned later and enslaved natives in a quest for gold  Eventually thousands die to the Spanish conquistadores

English Explorers  John Cabot – 1497 – believed Columbus discovered Asia  Landed in Canada  2 nd Voyage sailed as far south as Maryland  Claimed all land for England (“New England”)

French Explorers  Focused on Northern areas  Claimed Canada for fishing and fur trade  Jacques Cartier – 1534 – followed St. Lawrence River inland, claiming all lands for France

Other Spaniards  1539 – Hernando de Soto – lands in Florida, claims all lands north to Arkansas  Plundered native villages for gold, died during war along the Mississippi  1566 – Juan Pardo established St. Augustine, FL – oldest colony in “New World”

 By 1492, people had lived in the Western Hemisphere for tens of thousands of years without sustained contact with other parts of the world (Europe, Africa, Asia)  Where is the Western Hemisphere? (someone show us on the map in the classroom) What came to be called “America”

 In 1510, reached the coast of what is now South America  Proved Columbus wrong  What about Columbus’ ideas were incorrect?  Where did Columbus think that he originally landed? The East Indies (What today is Indonesia)  Recognized the New World as “America”  Why do you think it is named America? AMERIGO VESPUCCI

Today’s essential question What was the Columbian Exchange and how did it relate to movement and interaction between the New and Old World?

Contact with Europeans  Contact brought to the Native Americans new food products and tools  Also brought new diseases  Over half of the Native American population would die within a century

Columbian exchange

Columbian Exchange

Triangular Trade