Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Chapter Thirty-Five Apostrophe

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e There are two different uses of the apostrophe: Use the apostrophe with a contraction, a shortened form of a word. Use the apostrophe to show ownership or possession. A cowboy’s outfit can’t help but stand out in a crowd. Apostrophe

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Contractions When two words are combined to make one word, an apostrophe is used to show where letters have been omitted. This is called a contraction. Contractions are reserved for informal occasions. I + have = I’ve did + not = didn’t let + us = let’s

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e It`s too late to watch a movie. (It is too late.) It`s too late to watch a movie. (It is too late.) It`s been years since cowboy movies were popular. (It has been years.) It`s been years since cowboy movies were popular. (It has been years.) Contractions Note: The word it’s has two meanings. It is OR It has

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e You MUST put the apostrophe where the letters are missing.INCORRECT: do’nt –Cowboys do’nt ride on the same type of saddles as your cousin does.Correct: don’t –Cowboys don’t ride on the same type of saddles as your cousin does. o” The apostrophe shows the “o” has been left out. Understanding Contractions

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Using the Apostrophe with Numbers Numbers can be omitted. In the ’50s, cowboy movies were very popular. ( The apostrophe shows that the “19” was left out.) In the ’50s, cowboy movies were very popular. ( The apostrophe shows that the “19” was left out.)

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Apostrophes are sometimes used to form the plural of letters, numbers, and symbols. Be consistent. –Cowboy legends began as early as the 1860’s. –Cowboys often did not know their A’s from B’s. Special Situations with Numbers

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Ownership Use the apostrophe and an - s to form the possessive case. –A cowboy’s work is never done. –Frederic Remington’s art reflected the spirit of the wild west.

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e orFor singular nouns ending in -s, it is acceptable to form the possessive by adding -’s or by adding only an apostrophe. The writer must be consistent throughout a piece of writing. –Columbus’ horses, which he brought on his second voyage, were the first to arrive in the new world. Singular Nouns

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Plural Nouns Form the possessive of plural nouns by adding an apostrophe. –The wranglers’ gloves protected their hands from rope burns, cutting reins, and cold. Indicate the possessive of plural nouns not ending in -s by adding an apostrophe and an -s. –Men’s clothing often indicates their profession.

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Compound Words and Phrases Compound words: –Annie Oakley was married, but we do not know if her father-in-law’s views about cowgirls were positive ones.

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Do Not Use The Apostrophe Possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives do not use apostrophes. –We can recognize an Appaloosa by its distinct spots. –The spurs are ours.

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Children and adults throughout the world celebrate a variety of holidays. Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Apostrophe Practice Review Correct

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e American towns display fireworks as a highlight of patriotic celebrations. Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Correct

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e My fathers biggest barbecue is held on the Fourth of July. Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Incorrect: father’s

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e The United States postal service distributed a stamp commemorating Mexicos Cinco de Mayo. Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Incorrect: Mexico’s

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Many countries celebrate religious events as national holidays. NOTE: Countries is the plural form of country. Our country’s most popular holiday is Christmas. Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Correct

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Saint James Day is a festive day in Spain. Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Incorrect: James’

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Germanys and Italys religious celebrations are sometimes similar, even when it comes to food. Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Incorrect: Germany’s/ Italy’s

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e Christmas Eve and its traditional meal of seven fishes has a basis in Germany and Italy. Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Correct

Chapter 35 © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e In the 70s people did not decorate their homes for holidays, such as Saint Patricks Day and Halloween, to the extent that they do today. Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect. Incorrect: ‘70s Patrick’s