Cell Structure and Organization 5.1 Cell theory and size
What is a cell? Smallest unit of living matter First discovered in 1700s with microscope Cell theory All organisms are made of cells Cells are the smallest unit of living matter Cells come from pre-existing cells Cells are self-reproducing
Why are cells so small? Surface area Volume Ratio determines ability of substances to enter cell Need high SA to vol. ratio
Cell Structure and Organization 5.2 Prokaryotic cells
What is a prokaryotic cell again? Pro = _______ Karyo = ________ Eu = ________ Prokaryotes include Archeae Bacteria
What is inside a bacterial cell—1? No true organelles Cell envelope Cell wall Peptidoglycan Plasma membrane Mesosomes Where most metabolic activities occur Glycocalyx Capsule
What is inside a bacterial cell—2? Cytoplasm Nucleoid region Circular chromosome anchored to _____ Plasmids Ribosomes Inclusion bodies Thylakoids (cyanobacteria) Appendages Fimbriae Flagella Sex pili
What’s different inside an Archeae cell? More cell shape diversity No peptidoglycan in cell wall Other similar molecules Most likely ancestor for eukaryotes
Cell Structure and Organization 5.3 Eukaryotic cells
What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes? Eukaryotes Nucleus True organelles Membrane bound Compartmentalization Keeps incompatible rxns separate Increases efficiency of rxns Derived from prokaryotic ancestor Endosymbiotic hypothesis
What organelles are found in eukaryotes? Nucleus Mitochondria Endomembrane system Lysosomes Peroxisomes vesicles and vacuoles Choloroplast (only in plant cells)
What other structures are found in eukaryotes? Ribosome Cytoskeleton Centriole Cilia and flagella
What is the nucleus composed of? Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleoplasm Nuclear envelope Nucleotides Nuclear pore
What is the mitochondria composed of? Inner and outer membrane Cristae Matrix
What are lysosome, peroxisomes,veiscles and vacuoles? Lysosomses recycling system Peroxisomes Specialized Peroxides Vesicles Membraneous sacs Vacuoles Larger than vesicles
What is the endomembrane system? Parts Nuclear envelope ER Golgi vesicles Secretory pathway hypothesis Describes production, packaging and export of proteins
What are ribosomes? Protein synthesis Two sub-units Differ in ‘s’ value collect, package, and distribute molecules synthesized at one location in the cell and utilized at another location
What kind of Cytoskeleton are present in the cell? actin filaments intermediate filaments microtubules Functions: cell shape cell movement transport of materials anchoring organelles
What are cilia and flagella? Cilia Hairlike many Flagella Whiplike One or two pattern Functions: movement