War Consumes Europe Chapter 29 Section 2

I The Alliance System Collapses Euro divided into 2 camps Triple Entante = GB, France, Russia Triple Alliance = Germany, A-H, Italy A-H declaring war on Serbia  chain reaction w/in alliance system

A. Chain Reaction A-H Declares war on Serrbia  Russia moving army towards Russian- Austria border Also moved/mobilized on German border because they expected to Germany to join Austria Germany sees Russias action as deldaration of war Russia looks to its ally France for help Before France reacts Germany declares war on France  Europe now locked in battle

B. Schlieffen Plan Germany implements the Schlieffen Plan In case of 2 front war, Germay would attack France and then Russia because Russias lack of RR would not allow for quick mobilization Beat France then return to fight Russia on west Germany demands to be allowed to move troops through Belgium (neutral) but they refused  Germany invading Belgium  GB entering war GB declaring war on Belgium

C. European Nations Take Sides Central Powers = Germany & A-H Central because of their location in Euro Belgium & Ottoman empire join later in hopes of regaining land Allies = GB, France, Russia Japan later joins Italy, ONCE NEUTRAL, joins claiming Germany unprovoked invasion of Belgium nullified alliance

II A Bloody Stalemate Along the Western Front A II A Bloody Stalemate Along the Western Front A. The Conflict Grinds to a Halt Germany’s attack in France  stalemate in northern France (Western Front) Germany’s S Plan successful at first until France gains intel of Germ Op. Alies attack germans near Paris (Battle of the Marne)  4 days of fight ending w/ German retreat Significance of Battle of Marne = left German’s S Plans in ruins Quick victory not achievable in west while Russian invades eastern Germany Germany now fighting on 2 fronts

B. War in the Trenches Western Front = miles of trenches  Trench Warfare Holes dug out in ground from which solders fought each other  huge losses for small gains “No mans land” = space between trenches “over the top” into machine gun fire Artillery into trenches New tools of war DID NOT lead to quick end of war but just killed more ppl Battle of Somme each side = ½ mil. Causalities

III The Battle on the Eastern Front Eastern Front = battlefield along the German & Russian border Eastern front more mobile than Wesetern front Russia invades Germany Germany destroys Russian troops Russia invades Austria  Russia winning until Austria helped by Germans Russia weakens because it is not industrialized Short on war supplies