The Rise of Industrialism In America

What is Industrialism?  Industrialism is the movement from agriculture to manufacturing (factories) as the main source of the economic growth  Industrialism is the movement from hand- made goods to machine made goods  Industrialism made America the richest country in the world- #1 in manufactured goods

5 Key Factors that led to Industrial Growth

1. Abundant Supply of natural resources  Our country possessed a lot of coal, oil and iron  These resources are used to make (iron) and power (Coal and Oil) factory machines

2. Railroads  150,000 miles of track by 1900  Railroads made our country a national market for the selling of goods  Railroads allowed goods to be transported quicker and easier nationwide

US Railroads in 1900

3. The Opening of International Markets  Our goods were exported worldwide ($2 billion worth by 1910)  Coca Cola became a worldwide favorite

Coke in China

4. More people moving to the cities  More labor for the factories  Many farmers left their fields to work in the cities  Immigrants poured into the cities

Urban Growth:

New Architectural Style New Use of Space New Class Diversity New Energy New Culture (“Melting Pot”) New Form of Classic “Rugged Individualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption Make a New Start New Symbols of Change & Progress The City as a New “Frontier?”

5. Government Support for Businesses  The government made major loans to businesses  Laissez faire (hands-off) approach by government  Few rules on worker safety  The rich businessmen did not pay personal income tax before 1913  High tariffs on foreign goods imported into the country-protected US industries

New Inventions and Innovations

The Invention of the Automobile  1886 Karl Benz and Gottleib Daimler of Germany built of the first gas- powered cars  Very slow (4 speed,10 mph, 1.5 horsepower)  Henry Ford built the first American automobile in 1896  1908-the famous Ford Model T became the 1 st mass-produced car

The Daimler Motor Carriage (1st car)

Henry Ford and his first car (1896)- video clip on Henry Ford Cities episode 6, 4:45-10:00

The Ford Model T-the 1 st mass produced car

How did the Invention of the car contribute to the Industrial age?  Allowed Americans more freedom of movement  Allowed more workers to travel greater distances to work (you could live farther from work)  Created more jobs so people can make the automobile

How was the automobile made?  The Assembly Line- single task production perfected in Henry Ford’s Detroit auto factories  Very repetitious work-made people feel like a machine

John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil  JD’s Standard Oil controlled 90% of the oil industry (oil, oil pipelines and railroads)  JD almost had a monopoly (no competition) on US oil  JD was one rich “dude”

Edwin Drake and Oil *Edwin Drake was the first to drill for oil in the USA in Titusville, PA Drake developed the first oil drill and well But unfortunately did not patent his invention and died in poverty The largest oil boom occurred in Texas

CARTOON SHOWING THE “OCTOPUS” STANDARD OIL SEIZING THE NATION’S OIL BUSINESSES IDA TARBELL

Steel Production  The Bessemer Process- easier and cheaper to smelt iron into steel molds  Steel became the “king industry”  Steel was used to make railroads, bridges and support beams for skyscrapers

Andrew Carnegie and US Steel  Drew’ went from rags to riches to become another very rich dude  Carnegie’s Pittsburgh, PA-based company (US Steel) controlled over 80% of all steel production  Carnegie had earned a personal fortune of over $25 million

D. H. Burnham  1846 – 1912  Use of steel as a super structure.

John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913

The Brooklyn Bridge today Single Image Photograph

William Le Baron Jenney  1832 – 1907  “Father of the Modern Skyscraper”

W. Le Baron Jenney: Central Y.M.C.A., Chicago, 1891

The Empire State Building

Statue of Liberty, 1876 (Frederic Auguste Bartholdi) Watch Statue of Liberty clip from America the Story of us (1 st part of Cities-10 minutes)

The Invention of Electricity  1880-Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb  Used to power many new inventions- escalators, elevators, automatic doors, air conditioning, central heating  Department Stores- Macy’s, Sears, JC Penney were the first of big ones to include many of these new inventions

Thomas Edison

Willis Carrier-invented the 1 st Air Conditioner  I Love this Guy!!!!!!

The Invention of the Telephone  Alexander Graham Bell patents the invention  Bell used copper electric wires to transmit speech  The phone revolutionized communication

The 1 st telephone contact

Department Stores and Mail Order catalogs  Sears, Macy’s, JC Penney, Woolworths had huge stores to sell all the new manufactured goods  Many were air-conditioned!!!!  Sears and JC Penney offered mail- order catalogs-even if you lived on the frontier you could order and receive a product

The original Macy’s Department store in New York City