Tuesday, February 6 th Blue Book Wkshts & Shoes Essay Discuss notes Pass out notes Review Intro to Bones & Bones of the Skull, Chest, and Back
Review Diseases Osteomyelitis Osteoporosis Rickets Fractures Greenstick Simple Compound Joints
Introduction to Bones & Bones of the Skull, Chest, & Back
Anatomical View
Terms Anterior Front or toward the front Posterior Back or toward the back Prone Lying face down Supine Lying face up
Terms Medial Toward the midline of the body Lateral Away from the midline of the body Proximal Toward the beginning of the structure of the body Distal Away from the beginning of the structure of the body
Terms Flexion To bend Extension To straighten Adduction To go toward the midline of the body Abduction To go away from the midline of the body
Purpose of Bones Lever for movement Provide structure and support Protection of Internal Organs Store minerals
Structure of Bones 67% of bone is mineral Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium 33% is connective tissue Bones form in two ways From membranes (ex. Bones in your skull) Ossification (minerals that harden to form your bones)
Parts of the Bone Shaft Narrow part of bone between the 2 ends of the bone Periosteum Outside of the bone tissue Compact Bone Layer under the periosteum Very Hard
Parts of the Bone Spongy Bone Cavities at the ends of bone that act as shock absorbers for “weight bearing” Red Bone Marrow Makes red and white blood cells, an adult has no red bone marrow in the shaft Yellow Bone Marrow Fat Cells
Bones as you age As a baby: Bones are made of cartilage As you grow: Bones ossify and become heavier and harder As you grow old: You loose minerals and bones become weaker Ex. Osteoporosis – loss of calcium from the bone
Joints A joint is a place where 2 bones make contact Types of joints are: Immovable Partially Movable Freely Movable
Types of Joints Immovable Skull Sacrum Coccyx Partially Movable Vertebrae Ribs to Vertebrae Sacroiliac
Types of Joints Freely Movable Ball and Socket Shoulder Hip Hinge Elbow Knee Finger Toe Jaw Pivot Forearm Head on neck Gliding Wrist Ankle
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding
Bones of the Skull 2 Divisions of the skeleton Axial Skeleton The skull, vertebral column (backbone), ribs and sternum Appendicular Skeleton Bones in the arms, hands, legs, feet, and shoulders
Bones of the Skull
Axial Skeleton Skull – 29 bones 22 form the frame of the head Have zigzag joints in the skull, makes it stronger 6 facial bones – immovable joints 7 th bone is the jawbone (mandible) largest bone in the skull, movable
Bones of the Skull
Wednesday, 2/7 Review Finish Backbone & Chest Start on Bones of the Upper Extremity Leave time to discuss the rest of the week Hand back papers Friday: Progress sheets
Review Terms Anterior/Posterior Medial/Lateral Supine/Prone Proximal/Distal Flexion/Extension Adduction/Abduction
Review Purpose of bones Bones as you age 6 parts of the bone Joints Ball-and-socket Hinge Gliding Pivot
Backbone Also knows as the spinal column Consists of 33 bones and its function is to protect the spinal column
Regions of the Backbone Cervical Vertebrae 7 vertebrates, found in the neck and Function: Hold up the head Has lots of flexibility Thoracic Vertebrae 12 vertebrates Function: supports the chest Lumbar Vertebrae 5 vertebrates found in lower back Function: weight bearing area, largest and strongest vertebrae Sacrum 5 vertebrates fused to the hip area The sacrum and hip bones are called the pelvis Coccyx 3-5 fused vertebrates Common name is Tailbone
Spinal Column
Chest Also known as the ribs and sternum Protects the heart and lungs Expands and contracts Sternum The flat bone in the middle and front of the chest Anchor for the ribs and muscles to attach Protects the heart
Ribs 12 pairs of ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae on back True Ribs Top 7 pair that attach to the sternum False Ribs Middle 3 pair that extend up to the sternum Floating Ribs Bottom 2 pair that do not attach to the sternum
True Ribs
False Ribs
Floating Ribs