Objectives: Identify the three estates of the Old Regime Identify the three estates of the Old Regime Summarize the factors that led up to the French Revolution. Summarize the factors that led up to the French Revolution. Describe the creation of the National Assembly and the Storming of the Bastille Describe the creation of the National Assembly and the Storming of the Bastille Explain the importance of the Great Fear and the women's march on Vienna. Explain the importance of the Great Fear and the women's march on Vienna.

The Old Regime In the late 1700s people of France still divided into social classes, or estates In the late 1700s people of France still divided into social classes, or estates This was a system of feudalism called the Old Regime This was a system of feudalism called the Old Regime 2/3 of the estates had privileges, held high offices and didn’t have to pay tax 2/3 of the estates had privileges, held high offices and didn’t have to pay tax These were the: These were the: - First Estate- made of clergy from the Catholic Church- was less than 1% of France’s total population - Second Estate- made up of rich nobles- 2% of France’s population

The Third Estate 98% of France’s population and paid 50% of their own income to taxes 98% of France’s population and paid 50% of their own income to taxes Had no power to influence the government Had no power to influence the government Embraced Enlightenment ideas Embraced Enlightenment ideas Was broken further into groups: Was broken further into groups: - 1 st : the bourgeoisie- merchants and artisans, some very wealthy, but paid taxes, and lacked privileges -2 nd: city workers- cooks, servants -3 rd : peasants, made up 80% of population- heavily taxed, wanted change, resented nobles and clergy

Inspirations The American Revolution inspired the Third Estate The American Revolution inspired the Third Estate Many began questioning the structures of society and started using words like equality, liberty and democracy Many began questioning the structures of society and started using words like equality, liberty and democracy Listened to the enlightenment thinkers Listened to the enlightenment thinkers

Economic Woes Population rising Population rising High taxes made it impossible to have a business with a profit High taxes made it impossible to have a business with a profit Cost of living rose for everyone Cost of living rose for everyone Bad weather in the 1780s caused crop failures, resulting in severe shortage of grain Bad weather in the 1780s caused crop failures, resulting in severe shortage of grain People faced starvation People faced starvation Extravagant spending by king (Louis XVI) and queen Extravagant spending by king (Louis XVI) and queen

Louis XVI Became king of France in 1774 Became king of France in 1774 Borrowed lots of money to help the American Revolutionaries gain their independence from Great Britain (France’s greatest enemy) doubling France’s debt Borrowed lots of money to help the American Revolutionaries gain their independence from Great Britain (France’s greatest enemy) doubling France’s debt Bankers started to refuse to lend more money Bankers started to refuse to lend more money Was indecisive, and would play with locks rather than deal with important government issues Was indecisive, and would play with locks rather than deal with important government issues Married Marie Antoinette when he was 15, and she was 14 Married Marie Antoinette when he was 15, and she was 14

Marie Antoinette Member of Austrian royal family (mother was Maria Theresa) Member of Austrian royal family (mother was Maria Theresa) She was unpopular with the people in France immediately She was unpopular with the people in France immediately She refused to wear the tight fitting styles and instead wore loose cotton dresses that many thought looked like underwear and was scandalous She refused to wear the tight fitting styles and instead wore loose cotton dresses that many thought looked like underwear and was scandalous As Queen, she spent so much money on gowns, jewels, and gifts she became known as “Madame Deficit” As Queen, she spent so much money on gowns, jewels, and gifts she became known as “Madame Deficit” For entertainment, she played cards losing 1.5 million dollars in a single year For entertainment, she played cards losing 1.5 million dollars in a single year

Louis put off dealing with France’s bankruptcy issue until it was too late Louis put off dealing with France’s bankruptcy issue until it was too late His answer was to tax the 2 nd Estate His answer was to tax the 2 nd Estate Upset, the nobles forced the king to call a meeting of the Estates General (an assembly of representatives from all 3 estates) to get approval for the tax reform Upset, the nobles forced the king to call a meeting of the Estates General (an assembly of representatives from all 3 estates) to get approval for the tax reform This was the first meeting in 175 years This was the first meeting in 175 years

Outnumbered The 1 st and 2 nd estate would always outnumber the 3 rd estate in votes, because each estate had 1 vote The 1 st and 2 nd estate would always outnumber the 3 rd estate in votes, because each estate had 1 vote The members of bourgeoisie in the 3 rd estate argued they should have more than 1 vote- in fact they should have 3 votes: 1 for each group within the 3 rd estate The members of bourgeoisie in the 3 rd estate argued they should have more than 1 vote- in fact they should have 3 votes: 1 for each group within the 3 rd estate This would give the 3 rd estate an advantage- for once This would give the 3 rd estate an advantage- for once

Old Way vs. New Idea 1 st estate (clergy)- 1 vote 1 st estate (clergy)- 1 vote 2 nd estate (nobles)- 1 vote 2 nd estate (nobles)- 1 vote 3 rd estate (everyone else) -1 vote 3 rd estate (everyone else) -1 vote 1 st estate (clergy) -1 vote 1 st estate (clergy) -1 vote 2 nd estate (nobles)- 1 vote 2 nd estate (nobles)- 1 vote 3 rd estate- 3 rd estate- -bourgeoisie- 1 vote -working class- 1 vote -peasants- 1 vote

The king sided with the nobles, and rejected the new idea The king sided with the nobles, and rejected the new idea The Third Estate was even more determined to gain power The Third Estate was even more determined to gain power A sympathetic clergyman, the Abbe Sieyes (AB-ay syay-YEHS) argued “What is the Third Estate? Everything…” and in a dramatic speech he suggested the 3 rd Estate name themselves the National Assembly and pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people A sympathetic clergyman, the Abbe Sieyes (AB-ay syay-YEHS) argued “What is the Third Estate? Everything…” and in a dramatic speech he suggested the 3 rd Estate name themselves the National Assembly and pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people

The National Assembly On June 17, 1789 delegates of the Third Estate voted to establish the National Assembly On June 17, 1789 delegates of the Third Estate voted to establish the National Assembly This proclaimed an end to absolute monarchy and the beginning of representative government This proclaimed an end to absolute monarchy and the beginning of representative government This vote was the first deliberate act of revolution This vote was the first deliberate act of revolution

Tennis Court Oath 3 days later, the Third Estate met to draft a new constitution but was locked out of their meeting room 3 days later, the Third Estate met to draft a new constitution but was locked out of their meeting room So, they broke down the door to an indoor tennis court, pledging to stay until the new constitution was drafted So, they broke down the door to an indoor tennis court, pledging to stay until the new constitution was drafted This pledge is known as the Tennis Court Oath This pledge is known as the Tennis Court Oath

Louis Tries To Win Favor Louis tries to make peace with the 3 rd Estate by giving in to their demands Louis tries to make peace with the 3 rd Estate by giving in to their demands He urged the 1 st and 2 nd Estates to join the National Assembly He urged the 1 st and 2 nd Estates to join the National Assembly Louis also knows that nobody in France trusts him, and sensing trouble, he stationed his mercenary army (paid soldiers) of Swiss guards in Paris Louis also knows that nobody in France trusts him, and sensing trouble, he stationed his mercenary army (paid soldiers) of Swiss guards in Paris

Fall of the Bastille Rumors fly of the king bringing in foreign soldiers to massacre French citizens Rumors fly of the king bringing in foreign soldiers to massacre French citizens People start to gather weapons to defend Paris against a foreign army People start to gather weapons to defend Paris against a foreign army On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get gunpowder from the Bastille, a Paris prison On July 14, 1789 a mob tried to get gunpowder from the Bastille, a Paris prison The mob overpowered the guards, and the Bastille fell into the control of citizens The mob overpowered the guards, and the Bastille fell into the control of citizens The fall of the Bastille is celebrated as an act of revolution and a national holiday in France, similar to our 4 th of July The fall of the Bastille is celebrated as an act of revolution and a national holiday in France, similar to our 4 th of July

Storming the Bastille

The mob released all prisoners in the Bastille, however there were only 7 prisoners that day…. The mob released all prisoners in the Bastille, however there were only 7 prisoners that day…. Four were forgers, and 3 were lunatics Four were forgers, and 3 were lunatics

The Great Fear A wave of senseless panic rolled through France A wave of senseless panic rolled through France When the peasants met no enemy bandits…they became the aggressors When the peasants met no enemy bandits…they became the aggressors Waving pitchforks and torches, they broke into nobles’ manor houses destroying documents, and sometimes burning the houses down Waving pitchforks and torches, they broke into nobles’ manor houses destroying documents, and sometimes burning the houses down

In October 1789, 6,000 Parisian women rioted over the rising cost of bread In October 1789, 6,000 Parisian women rioted over the rising cost of bread Anger quickly turned towards the king and queen Anger quickly turned towards the king and queen Seizing knives and axes, men and women marched to Versailles, breaking into the palace and killing 2 guards Seizing knives and axes, men and women marched to Versailles, breaking into the palace and killing 2 guards

The Women’s March After forcing the king and queen out of their palace, the women followed Louis’s family and entourage of almost 60,000 people to Paris- another 12 mile march After forcing the king and queen out of their palace, the women followed Louis’s family and entourage of almost 60,000 people to Paris- another 12 mile march The king and queen were never again allowed to go back to their palace The king and queen were never again allowed to go back to their palace Their exit signaled the change of power and radical reforms about to overtake France Their exit signaled the change of power and radical reforms about to overtake France