GENETICS

We are made up of….

Unit 3 Unit title: GENETICS Area of interaction: Human Ingenuity MYP unit question: Should we be concerned about the human influence on our future genetics?

What is GENETICS? The study of genes and the inheritance of traits. The study of variation and inheritance

DNA, RNA and proteins The basic behind genetics

DNA is a nucleic acid, made of long chains of nucleotides DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides Figure 10.2A Nucleotide Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Sugar PolynucleotideSugar-phosphate backbone DNA nucleotide Phosphate group Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) Thymine (T) Sugar (deoxyribose)

DNA has four kinds of bases, A, T, C, and G Figure 10.2B Pyrimidines Thymine (T)Cytosine (C) Purines Adenine (A)Guanine (G)

The following diagram shows a short stretch of DNA. What bases are indicated by labels Y and Z? YZ A.thymineadenine B.thymineguanine C.uracilguanine D.uraciladenine

RNA is also a nucleic acid –different sugar –U instead of T –Single strand, usually Figure 10.2C, D Phosphate group Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or U) Uracil (U) Sugar (ribose)

James Watson and Francis Crick worked out the three-dimensional structure of DNA, based on work by Rosalind Franklin DNA is a double-stranded helix Figure 10.3A, B

A definition…. Protein: A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order. Molecules that carry many life-related processes. blogs.discovermagazine.com /P-Protein%28P% htm

–The DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into the protein (The sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code) Figure 10.6A DNA RNA Protein TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION The information constituting an organism’s genotype is carried in its sequence of bases

UCAG U C A G G A C U G A C U G A C U G A C U UUUUUU UUCUUC UUAUUA UUGUUG CUUCUU CUCCUC CUACUA CUGCUG AUUAUU AUCAUC AUAAUA AUGAUG GUUGUU GUCGUC GUAGUA GUGGUG phe leu ile met (start) val UCUUCU UCCUCC UCAUCA UCGUCG CCUCCU CCCCCC CCACCA CCGCCG ACUACU ACCACC ACAACA ACGACG GCUGCU GCCGCC GCAGCA GCGGCG ser pro thr ala UAUUAU UACUAC UAAUAA UAGUAG CAUCAU CACCAC CAACAA CAGCAG AAUAAU AACAAC AAGAAG AAAAAA GAUGAU GACGAC GAAGAA GAGGAG tyr stop his gln asn lys asp glu UGUUGU UGCUGC UGAUGA UGGUGG CGUCGU CGCCGC CGACGA CGGCGG AGUAGU AGCAGC AGAAGA AGGAGG GGUGGU GGCGGC GGAGGA GGGGGG cys stop trp arg ser arg gly First Base Third Base Second Base Virtually all organisms share the same genetic code “unity of life”